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arXiv 2303.07293astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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在有针对性的系外行星勘测中探测小太阳系天体的基于GPU的框架

GPU-based framework for detecting small Solar System bodies in targeted exoplanet surveys

Artem Burdanov, Samantha Hasler, Julien de Wit

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Accepted for publication in MNRAS (Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society), 11 pages, 11 figures
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摘要：

太阳系小天体是太阳系形成过程中的原始遗迹，为行星科学和天文学提供了宝贵的信息。它们的发现和编目对地球上的生命也有很强的实际意义，因为最近的小行星可能构成严重的撞击威胁。与专门的观测项目同时进行的是对来自不同设施的大量档案数据集进行的小型天体搜索。在这里，我们提出了一个框架，以增加科学回报的系外行星过境搜索调查恢复偶然发现的小天体在其日常和档案数据使用基于GPU的合成跟踪算法。作为概念证明，我们分析了SPECULOOS巡天1米望远镜观测到的$12 \times 12 \mathrm{arcmin^2}$天空场。我们分析了90个均匀分布在天空中的天空场，作为日常搜索小天体的一部分，以及21个位于黄道面5度以内的档案场，作为档案搜索的一部分（总共4.4度$^2$）。总的来说，我们确定了400个已知的不同动力学类别的物体，从内主带小行星到木星特洛伊和43个潜在的新的小天体，它们的运动没有先验知识。我们能够达到极限的$V$ =23.8等的未知对象的星等，和检索率$\sim$ 80%的对象与$V<$ 22等和$V<$ 23.5等的日常和档案搜索，分别。因此，SPECULOOS和类似的系外行星巡天可以作为小型天体的双光束巡天，探测$V$ =22 mags以上的参数空间。

英文摘要：

Small Solar System bodies are pristine remnants of Solar System formation, which provide valuable insights for planetary science and astronomy. Their discovery and cataloging also have strong practical implications to life on Earth as the nearest asteroids could pose a serious impact threat. Concurrently with dedicated observational projects, searches for small bodies have been performed on numerous archival data sets from different facilities. Here, we present a framework to increase the scientific return of an exoplanet transit-search survey by recovering serendipitous detections of small bodies in its daily and archival data using a GPU-based synthetic tracking algorithm. As a proof of concept, we analysed $12 \times 12 \mathrm{arcmin^2}$ sky fields observed by the 1-m telescopes of the SPECULOOS survey. We analysed 90 sky fields distributed uniformly across the sky as part of the daily search for small bodies and 21 archival fields located within 5 deg from the ecliptic plane as part of the archival search (4.4 deg$^2$ in total). Overall, we identified 400 known objects of different dynamical classes from Inner Main-belt Asteroids to Jupiter Trojans and 43 potentially new small bodies with no priors on their motion. We were able to reach limiting magnitude for unknown objects of $V$=23.8 mag, and a retrieval rate of $\sim$80% for objects with $V<$22 mag and $V<$23.5 mag for the daily and archival searches, respectively. SPECULOOS and similar exoplanet surveys can thus serve as pencil-beam surveys for small bodies and probe parameter space beyond $V$=22 mag.

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