太阳系能教会我们关于岩石系外行星的什么
What the Solar System Can Teach Us About Rocky Exoplanets
AI总结：
本文通过回顾太阳系类地天体的内部、表面和大气特征及其演化，为理解岩石系外行星的多样性和可能结局提供指导，强调类地天体随时间剧烈变化且相似大小质量可有不同结果。
AI中文摘要：
被发现的岩石系外行星数量持续增加，但这类世界的表观多样性也在增加。当我们努力理解可能预期的岩石系外行星的总体性质以及热、地质和气候特征时，我们可以从太阳系中寻找指导。在此，我们回顾现代地球的内部、表面和大气特征，并讨论我们的家园行星如何通过太阳系历史发生变化。然后，我们依次考察金星、火星、水星、地球的月球和木卫一（Io），注意这些类地行星的相似之处、不同之处以及它们如何随时间演化。最后，我们考虑一些已知或怀疑存在但没有直接太阳系对应物的岩石世界类型的例子——但我们认为，即使那样，对于所有我们可能预期的多样性，它们仍然是一个共同主题的变体。也许太阳系能教会我们的最重要的一课是，类地天体随时间变化，有时是剧烈变化，并且相似大小和质量的岩石世界可以产生截然不同的行星结局。
英文摘要：
The number of rocky extrasolar planets being discovered continues to increase, but so too does the apparent diversity of such worlds. As we work to understand the likely bulk properties and thermal, geological, and climatological attributes we might expect of rocky exoplanets, we can look to the Solar System for guidance. Here, we review the interior, surface, and atmospheric characteristics of modern Earth, and discuss how our homeworld has changed through Solar System history. We then visit in turn Venus, Mars, Mercury and Earth's Moon, and Io, noting how these terrestrial planets are alike, how they are different, and how they have evolved through time. Finally, we consider some examples of the types of rocky worlds known or suspected to exist without direct Solar System counterparts --- but we argue that even then, for all the variety we might expect, they are still variations on a common theme. Perhaps the most important lesson the Solar System can teach us is that terrestrial bodies change through time, sometimes dramatically, and that rocky worlds of similar size and mass can have vastly different planetary outcomes.
