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系外行星的IAU工作定义

The IAU Working Definition of an Exoplanet

A. Lecavelier des Etangs, Jack J. Lissauer

摘要:

在古代,所有被认为相对于恒星背景天空移动的持久天体都被认为是行星。在哥白尼革命期间,这个定义被修改为围绕太阳运行的物体,删除了太阳和月球,但将地球添加到已知行星的列表中。因此,行星的概念不仅仅是一个性质、起源、组成、质量或大小的问题,而且在历史上是一个与一个物体围绕另一个物体运动有关的概念,具有层次结构。经过国际天文学联合会F2委员会“系外行星和太阳系”的讨论,在“系外行星”一词的定义中引入了恒星-行星质量比的标准,因此,需要在我们太阳系中看到的层次结构才能将物体称为系外行星。此外,环绕棕矮星的行星质量物体,只要它们遵循质量比标准,现在被认为是系外行星。因此,国际天文学联合会F2委员会“系外行星和太阳系”于2018年8月修订的系外行星的现行工作定义如下:- 实际质量低于氘热核聚变极限质量的物体(目前计算的太阳金属量的物体质量为13个木星),棕矮星或恒星残骸,与中心天体的质量比低于$L_4$ / $L_5$不稳定性($M/M_{\rm central}$ $<$ $2/(25+\sqrt{621}$)$\approx$ 1/25),无论它们是如何形成的,都是“行星”。- 太阳系外天体被认为是行星所需的最小质量/尺寸应该与我们太阳系中使用的相同,这是一个足以使自引力克服刚体力并清除天体轨道周围邻居的质量。在这里,我们讨论这个定义背后的历史和基本原理。

英文摘要:

In antiquity, all of the enduring celestial bodies that were seen to move relative to the background sky of stars were considered planets. During the Copernican revolution, this definition was altered to objects orbiting around the Sun, removing the Sun and Moon but adding the Earth to the list of known planets. The concept of planet is thus not simply a question of nature, origin, composition, mass or size, but historically a concept related to the motion of one body around the other, in a hierarchical configuration. After discussion within the IAU Commission F2 "Exoplanets and the Solar System", the criterion of the star-planet mass ratio has been introduced in the definition of the term "exoplanet", thereby requiring the hierarchical structure seen in our Solar System for an object to be referred to as an exoplanet. Additionally, the planetary mass objects orbiting brown dwarfs, provided they follow the mass ratio criterion, are now considered as exoplanets. Therefore, the current working definition of an exoplanet, as amended in August 2018 by IAU Commission F2 "Exoplanets and the Solar System", reads as follows: - Objects with true masses below the limiting mass for thermonuclear fusion of deuterium (currently calculated to be 13 Jupiter masses for objects of solar metallicity) that orbit stars, brown dwarfs or stellar remnants and that have a mass ratio with the central object below the $L_4$/$L_5$ instability ($M/M_{\rm central}$$<$$2/(25+\sqrt{621}$)$\approx$1/25) are "planets", no matter how they formed. - The minimum mass/size required for an extrasolar object to be considered a planet should be the same as that used in our Solar System, which is a mass sufficient both for self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces and for clearing the neighborhood around the object's orbit. Here we discuss the history and the rationale behind this definition.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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