Catalogue of exoplanets accessible in reflected starlight to the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. A population study and prospects for phase-curve measurements
Óscar Carrión-González, Antonio García Muñoz, Juan Cabrera, Szilárd Csizmadia, Nuno C. Santos, Heike Rauer
备注：
Accepted for publication in A&A. 34 pages, 12 Tables, 24 Figures
Reflected starlight measurements will open a new path in the characterization of directly imaged exoplanets. However, we still lack a population study of known targets amenable to this technique. Here, we investigate which of the about 4300 exoplanets confirmed to date are accessible to the Roman Space Telescope's coronagraph (CGI) in reflected starlight at reference wavelengths $λ$=575, 730 and 825 nm. We carry out a population study and also address the prospects for phase-curve measurements. We used the NASA Exoplanet Archive as a reference for planet and star properties, and explored the impact of their uncertainties on the exoplanet's detectability by applying statistical arguments. We define a planet as Roman-accessible on the basis of the instrument inner and outer working angles and its minimum planet-to-star constrast (IWA, OWA, $C_{min}$). We adopt for these technical specifications three plausible configurations labeled as pessimistic, intermediate and optimistic. Our key outputs for each exoplanet are its probability of being Roman-accessible ($P_{access}$), the range of observable phase angles, the evolution of its equilibrium temperature, the number of days per orbit that it is accessible and its transit probability. In the optimistic scenario, we find 26 Roman-accessible exoplanets with $P_{access}$>25% and host stars brighter than $V$=7 mag. This population is biased towards planets more massive than Jupiter but also includes the super-Earths tau Cet e and f which orbit near their star's habitable zone. A total of 13 planets are part of multiplanet systems, 3 of them with known transiting companions, offering opportunities for contemporaneous characterization. The intermediate and pessimistic scenarios yield 10 and 3 Roman-accessible exoplanets, respectively. We find that inclination estimates (e.g. with astrometry) are key for refining the detectability prospects.
Prospects for Reconstructing the Free-floating Planet Mass Function at the Population Level with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；The Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory（美国宇航局喷气推进实验室）；The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学）；Louisiana State University（路易斯安那州立大学）；Space Science Institute（空间科学研究所）
The Roman Coronagraph Community Participation Program: corgisim - a simulation suite for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument
University of California, Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校）；Aix Marseille Université（艾克斯-马赛大学）；Northwestern University（西北大学）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；DM Telescopes LLC（DM望远镜有限责任公司）；University of Alabama at Huntsville（阿拉巴马大学亨茨维尔分校）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台）；Space Telescope Science Institute（空间望远镜科学研究所）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）
The \textit{Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope} (\textit{ Roman}) will provide an enormous number of microlensing light curves with much better photometric precisions than ongoing ground-based observations. Such light curves will enable us to observe high-order microlensing effects which have been previously difficult to detect. In this paper, we investigate \textit{Roman}'s potential to detect and characterize short-period planets and brown dwarfs (BDs) in source systems using the orbital motion of source stars, the so-called xallarap effect. We analytically estimate the measurement uncertaint…
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) will perform a Galactic Exoplanet Survey (RGES) to discover bound exoplanets with semi-major axes greater than 1 au using gravitational microlensing. Roman will even be sensitive to planetary mass objects that are not gravitationally bound to any host star. Such free-floating planetary mass objects (FFPs) will be detected as isolated microlensing events with timescales shorter than a few days. A measurement of the abundance and mass function of FFPs is a powerful diagnostic of the formation and evolution of planetary systems, as well as the physics…
We present design considerations for the Transiting Exosatellites, Moons, and Planets in Orion (TEMPO) Survey with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. This proposed 30-day survey is designed to detect a population of transiting extrasolar satellites, moons, and planets in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). The young (1-3 Myr), densely-populated ONC harbors about a thousand bright brown dwarfs (BDs) and free-floating planetary-mass objects (FFPs). TEMPO offers sufficient photometric precision to monitor FFPs with ${\rm M}\geq1{\rm M}_{\rm J}$ for transiting satellites. The survey is also capabl…
Predicting the Yield of Small Transiting Exoplanets around Mid-M and Ultra-Cool Dwarfs in the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey
Predictions of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Galactic Exoplanet Survey. V. Detection Rates of Multiplanetary Systems in High Magnification Microlensing Events
Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, Roman Sees Where You Are: Predicting Exoplanet Transit Yields in the Rosette Nebula with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
University of Wisconsin–Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Wide Field Instrument: Bright Point Source Saturation Response and Persistence Properties from Thermal-Vacuum Testing
Catholic University of America（天主教大学）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；ADNET Systems, Inc.（ADNET系统公司）；KBR（KBR公司）
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) will be capable of characterizing exoplanets in reflected light and will demonstrate space technologies essential for future missions to take spectra of Earthlike exoplanets. As the mission and instrument move into the final stages of design, simulation tools spanning from depth of search calculators to detailed diffraction models have been created by a variety of teams. We summarize these efforts, with a particular focus on publicly available datasets and software tools. These include speckle and point-spread-function models, …
As more missions attempt to directly image and characterize exoplanets orbiting nearby sun-like stars, advance characterization of possible contaminating background sources becomes more important and can impact target selection. This paper describes an exploration of the Hubble Source catalog, Gaia catalog and Besancon galaxy simulations in order to determine the likelihood of having a contaminating source in the background of a set of high proper motion stars in the expected timeframe of observations for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Coronagraphic Instrument. The analysis shows that f…
Simultaneous observations from two spatially well-separated telescopes can lead to the measurements of the microlensing parallax parameter, an important quantity toward the determinations of the lens mass. The separation between Earth and Sun-Earth L2 point, $\sim0.01$ AU, is ideal for parallax measurements of short and ultra-short ($\sim$1\,hr to 10\,days) microlensing events, which are candidates of free-floating planet (FFP) events. In this work, we study the potential of doing so in the context of two proposed space-based missions, the Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) in a Leo orbit …
Jointly Modeling Roman Coronagraph Astrometry and Photometry Improves Orbital Parameter Estimates
Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University（西北大学跨学科天体物理探索与研究中心）；Department of Physics and Engineering, University of St. Thomas（圣托马斯大学物理与工程系）；Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁斯分校天文与天体物理系）
The addition of an external starshade to the {\it Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope} will enable the direct imaging of Earth-radius planets orbiting at $\sim$1 AU. Classification of any detected planets as Earth-like requires both spectroscopy to characterize their atmospheres and multi-epoch imaging to trace their orbits. We consider here the ability of the Starshade Rendezvous Probe to constrain the orbits of directly imaged Earth-like planets. The target list for this proposed mission consists of the 16 nearby stars best suited for direct imaging. The field of regard for a starshade mission…
Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of Planetary Systems through Population-Level, Large-Scale Surveys
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC（安达卢西亚天体物理研究所）；Centro Astronómico Hispano en Andalucía, Observatorio de Calar Alto（西班牙-安达卢西亚天文中心，卡拉阿托天文台）；Astrophotonics (innoFSPEC), Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP)（莱布尼茨波茨坦天体物理研究所）；Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam（波茨坦大学物理与天文学研究所）；Sydney Institute for Astronomy, The University of Sydney（悉尼大学悉尼天体物理研究所）
Launching a starshade to rendezvous with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope would provide the first opportunity to directly image the habitable zones of nearby sunlike stars in the coming decade. A report on the science and feasibility of such a mission was recently submitted to NASA as a probe study concept. The driving objective of the concept is to determine whether Earth-like exoplanets exist in the habitable zones of the nearest sunlike stars and have biosignature gases in their atmospheres. With the sensitivity provided by this telescope, it is possible to measure the brightness of zo…
Exploring Space Weather From Young Solar-like Stars as Windows to Exoplanetary Habitability
NASA GSFC（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Kyoto University（京都大学）；University of Colorado, Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）；Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；LMSAL（劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室太阳天体物理学部门）；University of Alabama, Huntsville（阿拉巴马大学亨茨维尔分校）；SETI（搜寻地外文明研究所）；The Catholic University of America（美利坚天主教大学）
Simulations of exoplanet albedo profiles are key to planning and interpreting future direct imaging observations. In this paper we demonstrate the use of the Planetary Spectrum Generator to produce simulations of reflected light exoplanet spectra. We use PSG to examine multiple issues relevant to all models of directly imaged exoplanet spectra and to produce sample spectra of the bright, nearby exoplanet $\upsilon$ Andromedae d, a potential direct imaging target for next-generation facilities. We introduce a new, fast, and accurate subsampling technique that enables calculations of disk-integr…
Future direct imaging missions will primarily observe planets that have been previously detected, mostly via the radial velocity (RV) technique, to characterize planetary atmospheres. In the meantime, direct imaging may discover new planets within existing planetary systems that have bright enough reflected flux, yet with insufficient signals for other methods to detect. Here, we investigate the parameter space within which planets are unlikely to be detected by RV in the near future due to precision limitations, but could be discovered through reflected light with future direct imaging missio…
The inner region of circumstellar discs makes an extra near-infrared emission (NIR bump). Detecting and studying these NIR bumps from nearby stars have been done mostly through infrared interferometry. In this work, we study the feasibility of detecting NIR bumps for Galactic bulge stars through microlensing from observations by The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (RST) survey. We first simulate microlensing light curves from source stars with discs in near-infrared. Four main conclusions can be extracted from the simulations. (i) If the lens is crossing the disc inner radius, two extra and …
Bridging the UV Gap: The HST Ultraviolet Foundation for Star Formation Science in the Era of Roman, Euclid, and HWO
INAF-OACN（意大利国家天体物理研究所奥恰诺天文台）；ESO-Garching（欧洲南方天文台加兴）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；University of Colorado Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）；UH IfA（夏威夷大学天体物理研究所）；INAF-OAPA（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕尔马天文台）
An HST Wide Field Survey of the Galactic Bulge: Overview, Strategy, and First Results
University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Space Telescope Science Institute（空间望远镜科学研究所）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（喷气推进实验室，加州理工学院）；Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris（索邦大学，法国国家科学研究中心，巴黎天体物理研究所）；University of Tasmania（塔斯马尼亚大学）；The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学）
The NASA Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (Rubin), will transform our view of the wide-field sky, with similar sensitivities, but complementary in wavelength, spatial resolution, and time domain coverage. Here we present findings from the AURA Roman+Rubin Synergy Working group, charged by the STScI and NOIRLab Directors to identify frontier science questions in General Astrophysics, beyond the well-covered areas of Dark Energy and Cosmology, that can be uniquely addressed with Roman and Rubin synergies in observing stra…
