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arXiv 2303.02607cs.RO
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不确定环境中无人机运动规划的紧致碰撞概率

Tight Collision Probability for UAV Motion Planning in Uncertain Environment

The University of Hong Kong(香港大学);Zhejiang University(浙江大学)

Tianyu Liu, Fu Zhang, Fei Gao, Jia Pan

AI总结:

针对动态障碍、外部扰动、定位与建模误差,本文提出融合多源不确定性的无人机机会约束运动规划框架,并用碰撞概率紧致上界降低轨迹保守性。

摘要:

在具有动态障碍物和外部扰动特征的复杂环境中操作无人机(UAV)面临重大挑战,这主要源于此类场景固有的不确定性。此外,不准确的机器人定位和建模误差进一步加剧了这些挑战。近期关于静态环境中无人机运动规划的研究无法应对快速变化的周围环境,导致生成的轨迹可能不可行。而且,以往孤立处理动态障碍物或外部扰动的方法不足以应对此类环境的复杂性。本文提出了一种可靠的无人机运动规划框架,将各种不确定性整合到机会约束中,以概率方式刻画不确定性。该机会约束通过计算机器人服从高斯分布的前向可达集与障碍物状态之间的碰撞概率,提供概率安全证书。为降低规划轨迹的保守性,我们提出了碰撞概率的紧致上界,并对其进行精确和近似评估。近似解用于生成运动基元作为参考轨迹,而精确解则用于迭代优化轨迹以获得更好结果。我们的方法在仿真和真实世界实验中得到充分测试,验证了其在不确定环境中的可靠性和有效性。

英文摘要:

Operating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in complex environments that feature dynamic obstacles and external disturbances poses significant challenges, primarily due to the inherent uncertainty in such scenarios. Additionally, inaccurate robot localization and modeling errors further exacerbate these challenges. Recent research on UAV motion planning in static environments has been unable to cope with the rapidly changing surroundings, resulting in trajectories that may not be feasible. Moreover, previous approaches that have addressed dynamic obstacles or external disturbances in isolation are insufficient to handle the complexities of such environments. This paper proposes a reliable motion planning framework for UAVs, integrating various uncertainties into a chance constraint that characterizes the uncertainty in a probabilistic manner. The chance constraint provides a probabilistic safety certificate by calculating the collision probability between the robot's Gaussian-distributed forward reachable set and states of obstacles. To reduce the conservatism of the planned trajectory, we propose a tight upper bound of the collision probability and evaluate it both exactly and approximately. The approximated solution is used to generate motion primitives as a reference trajectory, while the exact solution is leveraged to iteratively optimize the trajectory for better results. Our method is thoroughly tested in simulation and real-world experiments, verifying its reliability and effectiveness in uncertain environments.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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