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arXiv 2303.01348quant-ph
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用于高精度拓扑颜色码解码的Ising模型公式化

Ising model formulation for highly accurate topological color codes decoding

Yugo Takada, Yusaku Takeuchi, Keisuke Fujii

AI总结:

针对拓扑颜色码解码难度大的问题,提出将解码转化为Ising哈密顿量能量最小化问题并通过模拟退火求解的方法,在多种噪声模型下实现了更高的错误阈值和接近最优的逻辑错误率。

摘要:

量子纠错是实现可靠量子计算、获得理论可证量子加速的核心要素。拓扑颜色码作为量子纠错码的一种,相比表面码具备所有Clifford门均可横向实现的优势,但解码难度大使其不适合作为实验可行的量子纠错实现的最优候选。本文提出一种Ising模型公式化方法,可实现拓扑颜色码的高精度解码。在该公式化框架中,我们将稳定子算符映射为经典自旋变量,用以表示满足校验子的错误;随后构建一个统计错误数量的Ising哈密顿量,将解码问题转化为Ising哈密顿量的能量最小化问题,并通过模拟退火求解。在(4.8.8)格点上的数值模拟中,我们测得比特翻转噪声模型下的错误阈值为10.36(5)%,去极化噪声模型下为18.47(5)%,唯象噪声模型(数据量子比特和测量量子比特上均存在比特翻转错误)下为2.90(4)%,所有阈值均高于现有高效解码算法的阈值。此外,我们验证了该方法实现的逻辑错误率几乎达到最优,即多数情况下其与CPLEX精确优化得到的结果几乎一致,且解码耗时更短。由于解码过程一直是性能分析的瓶颈,所提出的解码方法对进一步探索拓扑颜色码的应用潜力具有重要价值。

英文摘要:

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for reliable quantum computation for theoretically provable quantum speedup. Topological color codes, one of the quantum error correction codes, have an advantage against the surface codes in that all Clifford gates can be implemented transversely. However, the hardness of decoding makes the color codes not suitable as the best candidate for experimentally feasible implementation of quantum error correction. Here we propose an Ising model formulation that enables highly accurate decoding of the color codes. In this formulation, we map stabilizer operators to classical spin variables to represent an error satisfying the syndrome. Then we construct an Ising Hamiltonian that counts the number of errors and formulate the decoding problem as an energy minimization problem of an Ising Hamiltonian, which is solved by simulated annealing. In numerical simulations on the (4.8.8) lattice, we find an error threshold of 10.36(5)% for bit-flip noise model, 18.47(5)% for depolarizing noise model, and 2.90(4)% for phenomenological noise model (bit-flip error is located on each of data and measurement qubits), all of which are higher than the thresholds of existing efficient decoding algorithms. Furthermore, we verify that the achieved logical error rates are almost optimal in the sense that they are almost the same as those obtained by exact optimizations by CPLEX with smaller decoding time in many cases. Since the decoding process has been a bottleneck for performance analysis, the proposed decoding method is useful for further exploration of the possibility of the topological color codes.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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