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arXiv 2302.11933cs.ROcs.AI
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通过深度度量学习提升人机物理协作的安全性

Improving safety in physical human-robot collaboration via deep metric learning

Zurich University of Applied Sciences Winterthur(温特图尔苏黎世应用科学大学);ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);University of Zurich(苏黎世大学)

Maryam Rezayati, Grammatiki Zanni, Ying Zaoshi, Davide Scaramuzza, Hans Wernher van de Venn

AI总结:

本文提出基于深度度量学习的方法,利用机器人本体感知区分自由运动、有意接触与碰撞,准确率达98.6%,比普通深度学习网络高4%,并展现出无需重新训练即可迁移到其他机器人的泛化能力。

摘要:

在柔性生产场景中,与机器人进行直接物理交互正变得越来越重要,但没有防护围栏的机器人也会给操作人员带来更大的风险。为了将潜在风险保持在较低水平,目前为操作规定了相对简单的措施,例如在发生物理接触或安全距离被违反时停止机器人。尽管这种方式可以在很大程度上避免人员受伤,但所有这些解决方案都有一个共同点:人与机器人之间几乎无法实现真正的协作,因此使用此类系统工作的优势无法充分发挥其潜力。在人机协作场景中,需要更复杂的解决方案,使机器人行为能够适应操作人员和/或当前情况。最重要的是,在机器人自由运动期间,必须允许物理接触以实现有意义的交互,而不能将其识别为碰撞。然而,这里存在未来系统面临的一个关键挑战:利用机器人本体感知和机器学习算法检测人类接触。本工作采用深度度量学习(Deep Metric Learning, DML)方法来区分非接触机器人运动、旨在进行物理人机交互的有意接触以及碰撞情况。所取得的结果令人鼓舞,表明 DML 实现了 98.6% 的准确率,比现有标准(即未使用 DML 训练的深度学习网络)高出 4%。结果还显示出良好的泛化能力,便于轻松移植到其他机器人(目标机器人),即无需使用目标机器人数据重新训练模型,就能检测接触(区分无接触与有意或意外接触)。

英文摘要:

Direct physical interaction with robots is becoming increasingly important in flexible production scenarios, but robots without protective fences also pose a greater risk to the operator. In order to keep the risk potential low, relatively simple measures are prescribed for operation, such as stopping the robot if there is physical contact or if a safety distance is violated. Although human injuries can be largely avoided in this way, all such solutions have in common that real cooperation between humans and robots is hardly possible and therefore the advantages of working with such systems cannot develop its full potential. In human-robot collaboration scenarios, more sophisticated solutions are required that make it possible to adapt the robot's behavior to the operator and/or the current situation. Most importantly, during free robot movement, physical contact must be allowed for meaningful interaction and not recognized as a collision. However, here lies a key challenge for future systems: detecting human contact by using robot proprioception and machine learning algorithms. This work uses the Deep Metric Learning (DML) approach to distinguish between non-contact robot movement, intentional contact aimed at physical human-robot interaction, and collision situations. The achieved results are promising and show show that DML achieves 98.6\% accuracy, which is 4\% higher than the existing standards (i.e. a deep learning network trained without DML). It also indicates a promising generalization capability for easy portability to other robots (target robots) by detecting contact (distinguishing between contactless and intentional or accidental contact) without having to retrain the model with target robot data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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