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面向说话人自适应视觉语音识别的深度神经网络提示微调

Prompt Tuning of Deep Neural Networks for Speaker-adaptive Visual Speech Recognition

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)(韩国科学技术院(KAIST));Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI)(电子通信研究院(ETRI))

Minsu Kim, Hyung-Il Kim, Yong Man Ro

AI总结:

本文提出面向说话人自适应视觉语音识别的深度神经网络提示微调方法,通过在少量目标说话人数据上微调加法、填充和拼接形式提示而非修改预训练参数,显著提升预训练VSR模型对未见说话人的性能,并在LRW-ID和GRID数据库上验证了其有效性。

摘要:

视觉语音识别(VSR)旨在仅依据唇部运动将语音推断为文本。由于该方法仅利用视觉信息来建模语音,其性能本质上对个人唇部外观和运动较为敏感,这使得VSR模型在应用于未见过的说话人时性能会下降。本文中,为了改善VSR模型在未见说话人上的性能下降问题,我们提出了面向说话人自适应VSR的深度神经网络(DNN)提示微调方法。具体而言,受自然语言处理(NLP)近期进展的启发,我们在目标说话人的自适应数据上微调提示,而不是修改预训练模型参数。与以往主要局限于Transformer变体架构的提示微调方法不同,我们探索了不同类型的提示,即加法形式、填充形式和拼接形式提示,这些提示可应用于通常由CNN和Transformer组成的VSR模型。通过所提出的提示微调,我们表明,即使预训练模型已经在较大说话人变化条件下训练完成,使用少量自适应数据(例如少于5分钟)也能大幅提升预训练VSR模型在未见说话人上的性能。此外,通过分析不同类型提示的性能和参数量,我们研究了在何种情况下提示微调优于微调方法。所提方法的有效性在词级和句级VSR数据库LRW-ID和GRID上进行了评估。

英文摘要:

Visual Speech Recognition (VSR) aims to infer speech into text depending on lip movements alone. As it focuses on visual information to model the speech, its performance is inherently sensitive to personal lip appearances and movements, and this makes the VSR models show degraded performance when they are applied to unseen speakers. In this paper, to remedy the performance degradation of the VSR model on unseen speakers, we propose prompt tuning methods of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for speaker-adaptive VSR. Specifically, motivated by recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP), we finetune prompts on adaptation data of target speakers instead of modifying the pre-trained model parameters. Different from the previous prompt tuning methods mainly limited to Transformer variant architecture, we explore different types of prompts, the addition, the padding, and the concatenation form prompts that can be applied to the VSR model which is composed of CNN and Transformer in general. With the proposed prompt tuning, we show that the performance of the pre-trained VSR model on unseen speakers can be largely improved by using a small amount of adaptation data (e.g., less than 5 minutes), even if the pre-trained model is already developed with large speaker variations. Moreover, by analyzing the performance and parameters of different types of prompts, we investigate when the prompt tuning is preferred over the finetuning methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated on both word- and sentence-level VSR databases, LRW-ID and GRID.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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