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arXiv 2302.07258astro-ph.GA
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距离Sgr A中心2-7角秒的恒星加速度 *

Accelerations of stars in central 2-7 arcsec from Sgr A*

A. Young, S. Gillessen, T. de Zeeuw, Y. Dallilar, A. Drescher, F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, F. Mang, T. Ott, J. Stadler, O. Straub, S. von Fellenburg, F. Widmann

摘要:

这项工作提出了从银河系中心内的恒星运动的长期监测计划,包括与紧凑的射电源,Sgr A* 的2 - 7角秒的分离的恒星的结果。与研究得很好的内2角秒相比,研究这些恒星需要更长的时间基线。有了17年的数据,现在可以测量这些外层恒星轨道上足够数量的位置。这是通过设计一个寻源器来跟踪2002年至2019年银河中心NACO/VLT自适应光学辅助图像中约2000颗恒星的位置来实现的。在被研究的恒星中,有54颗恒星表现出明显的向Sgr A* 的加速,其中大部分与黑洞的距离在2到3角秒之间。另外有20颗恒星的径向速度可以从SINFONI/VLT恒星光谱中测量,这使得可以计算这些恒星的轨道根数,从而使银河系中心的已知轨道数量增加了约40%。有了轨道,我们可以考虑这些恒星属于银河系中心核星团的哪些结构特征。大多数恒星的轨道解与已知的顺时针旋转盘特征一致。此外,通过采用Monte Carlo采样的恒星没有径向速度测量,我们表明,许多恒星有一个子集的可能的轨道是一致的已知的磁盘功能之一,在银河系中心。

英文摘要:

This work presents the results from extending the long-term monitoring program of stellar motions within the Galactic Center to include stars with separations of 2 - 7 arcseconds from the compact radio source, Sgr A*. In comparison to the well studied inner 2 arcsec, a longer baseline in time is required to study these stars. With 17 years of data, a sufficient number of positions along the orbits of these outer stars can now be measured. This was achieved by designing a source finder to track the positions of ~ 2000 stars in NACO/VLT adaptive-optics-assisted images of the Galactic Center from 2002 to 2019. Of the studied stars, 54 exhibit significant accelerations toward Sgr A*, most of which have separations of between 2 and 3 arcseconds from the black hole. A further 20 of these stars have measurable radial velocities from SINFONI/VLT stellar spectra, which allows for the calculation of the orbital elements for these stars, thus increasing the number of known orbits in the Galactic Center by ~ 40 %. With orbits, we can consider which structural features within the Galactic Center nuclear star cluster these stars belong to. Most of the stars have orbital solutions that are consistent with the known clockwise rotating disk feature. Further, by employing Monte Carlo sampling for stars without radial velocity measurements, we show that many stars have a subset of possible orbits that are consistent with one of the known disk features within the Galactic Center.

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