引力波对洛伦兹破缺引起的非双折射色散的限制：基于GWTC-3数据
Gravitational wave constraints on non-birefringent dispersions of gravitational waves due to Lorentz violations with GWTC-3
AI总结：
本文利用GWTC-3目录中90个引力波事件，通过修改波形和参数估计，对SME框架下质量维度d=6的25个洛伦兹破缺系数进行独立约束，未发现洛伦兹破缺证据，并给出90%置信区间。
摘要：
标准模型扩展（SME）是一个有效场论框架，可用于研究引力相互作用中洛伦兹对称性的可能破缺。在SME的规范不变线性化引力扇区中，引力波的色散关系被修改，导致引力波传播中出现各向异性、双折射和色散效应。本文主要关注由于洛伦兹对称性破缺导致的引力波传播中的非双折射和各向异性色散关系。利用修改后的色散关系，我们计算了致密双星并合产生的引力波的相应修改波形。我们考虑了SME规范不变线性化引力扇区中最低质量维度$d=6$的算符效应，这些算符预计对引力波传播具有主导的洛伦兹破缺效应。对于这种情况，洛伦兹破缺效应由25个系数表示，我们通过“最大可达”方法独立约束这些系数。我们使用GWTC-3目录中的90个高置信度引力波事件，并使用开源软件{\tt Bilby}和嵌套采样包{\tt Dynest}，用修改后的波形进行参数估计。我们在引力波数据中没有发现任何洛伦兹破缺的证据，并为每个洛伦兹破缺系数给出了$90\%$置信区间。
英文摘要：
The standard model extension (SME) is an effective field theory framework that can be used to study the possible violations of Lorentz symmetry in the gravitational interaction. In the SME's gauge invariant linearized gravity sector, the dispersion relation of GWs is modified, resulting in anisotropy, birefringence, and dispersion effects in the propagation of GWs. In this paper, we mainly focus on the non-birefringent and anisotropic dispersion relation in the propagation of GWs due to the violation of Lorentz symmetry. With the modified dispersion relation, we calculate the corresponding modified waveform of GWs generated by the coalescence of compact binaries. We consider the effects from the operators with the lowest mass dimension $d=6$ in the gauge invariant linearized gravity sector of the SME which are expected to have the dominant Lorentz-violating effect on the propagation of GWs. For this case, the Lorentz-violating effects are presented by 25 coefficients and we constrain them independently by the ``maximal-reach" approach. We use 90 high-confidence GW events in the GWTC-3 catalog and use {\tt Bilby}, an open source software, and {\tt Dynest}, a nested sampling package, to perform parameter estimation with the modified waveform. We do not find any evidence of Lorentz violation in the GWs data and give a $90\%$ confidence interval for each Lorentz violating coefficient.
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