在来自 GWTC-3 的引力波传播中搜寻各向异性、双折射的时空对称性破缺
Search for anisotropic, birefringent spacetime-symmetry breaking in gravitational wave propagation from GWTC-3
AI总结：
本研究基于标准模型扩展框架，利用 GWTC-3 中 45 个高置信度事件，通过联合贝叶斯推断对引力波传播中洛伦兹和 CPT 破缺的各向同性与各向异性色散系数进行了限制，并验证了推断的稳健性。
摘要：
我们使用有效场论框架——标准模型扩展，来研究引力波传播过程中是否存在洛伦兹和 CPT 破缺效应。我们实现了一个改进的引力波色散方程，包含各向同性、各向异性和双折射色散。利用 LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA 算法库套件，我们对源参数和时空对称性破缺系数进行了联合贝叶斯推断。从 GWTC-3 目录中选出的 45 个高置信度事件样本中，在假设各向异性系数为零时，我们获得了各向同性系数 $k_{(V)00}^{(5)}$ 在 90% 置信区间下的最大界限为 $3.19 \ imes 10^{-15}$~m。对所有色散参数的联合测量给出了 16 个 $k_{(V)ij}^{(5)}$ 系数在 $10^{-13}$~m 量级的限制。我们通过比较使用不同波形模型获得的约束来研究推断的稳健性，发现模拟波形中物理特性的缺失对于部分事件可能会表现为时空对称性破缺引起的色散。
英文摘要：
An effective field theory framework, the Standard-Model Extension, is used to investigate the existence of Lorentz and CPT-violating effects during gravitational wave propagation. We implement a modified equation for the dispersion of gravitational waves, that includes isotropic, anisotropic and birefringent dispersion. Using the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA algorithm library suite, we perform a joint Bayesian inference of the source parameters and coefficients for spacetime symmetry breaking. From a sample of 45 high confidence events selected in the GWTC-3 catalog, we obtain a maximal bound of $3.19 \times 10^{-15}$~m at 90\% CI for the isotropic coefficient $k_{(V)00}^{(5)}$ when assuming the anisotropic coefficients to be zero. The combined measurement of all the dispersion parameters yields limits on the order of $10^{-13}$~m for the 16 $k_{(V)ij}^{(5)}$ coefficients. We study the robustness of our inference by comparing the constraints obtained with different waveform models, and find that a lack of physics in the simulated waveform may appear as spacetime symmetry breaking-induced dispersion for a subset of events.
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