We represent a class of new Gravastar solutions as obtained by Mazur and Mottola in a gravitational Bose-Einstein condensate (GBEC) in a cylindrical symmetric space-time. A stable gravastar with three distinct regions namely, (i) Interior de-Sitter space, (ii) Intermediate thin shell with a slice of finite length and (iii) exterior vacuum region. The interior region is characterised by positive energy density and negative pressure $(p=-ρ)$, which exerts a repulsive outward force at all points on the thin shell. The thin shell separating the interior and exterior is supposed to be consisting of ultra-relativistic stiff fluid having equation of state $p=ρ$, which satisfies the Zel'dovich's criteria. This thin shell, which is considered as the critical surface for the quantum phase transition, replaces both the classical de-Sitter and Schwarzschild event horizons. The new solution is free from any singularities as well as any information paradox. The energy density, total energy, proper length, mass and entropy of the shell region are explored in this model and the gravastar model is stable and physically viable.
Estimating the mass of the thin shell of gravastars in generalised cylindrically symmetric space-time within the framework of Rastall theory of gravity
The crucial role played by pressure in general relativity is explored in the mathematically simple context of a static spherically symmetric geometry. By keeping all pressure terms, the standard formalisms of rotation curve and gravitational lensing observations are extended to a first post-Newtonian order. It turns out that both post-Newtonian formalisms encode the gravitational field differently. Therefore, combined observations of rotation curves and gravitational lensing of the same galaxy can in principle be used to infer both the density and pressure profile of the galactic fluid. The ne…
In this study, using Moller and Tolman prescriptions we calculate energy and momentum densities for the general cylindrically symmetric spacetime metric. We find that results are finite and well defined in these complexes. We also give the results for some cylindrically symmetric spacetime models.
New spherically symmetric gravastar solutions, stable to radial perturbations, are found by utilising the construction of Visser and Wiltshire. The solutions possess an anti--de Sitter or de Sitter interior and a Schwarzschild--(anti)--de Sitter or Reissner--Nordström exterior. We find a wide range of parameters which allow stable gravastar solutions, and present the different qualitative behaviours of the equation of state for these parameters.
Here we describe a stationary cylindrically symmetric solution of Einstein's equation with matter consisting of a positive cosmological and rotating dust term. The solution approaches Einstein static universe solution.
We present static cylindrically symmetric electrovac solutions in the framework of the Brans-Dicke theory and show that our solution yields some of the well-known solutions for special values of the parameters of the resulting metric functions.
A study of proper conformal vector field in non conformally flat cylindrically symmetric static space-times is given by using direct integration technique. Using the above mentioned technique we have shown that a very special class of the above space-time admits proper conformal vector field.
It has been shown that t00 component of the energy-momentum pseudotensor in the case of cylindrically symmetrical static gravitational field cannot be interpreted as energy density of the gravitation field. An approach has been suggested allows one to express the energy density of the cylindrically or spherically symmetrical static gravitation field in terms of the metric tensor components. The approach based on the consideration of the process of isothermal compression of a cylinder consisted of incoherent matter.
In this article a new stationary cylindrically symmetric solution of the Einstein's field equations with cosmological constant and Time machine is given. The garavitational field is created by ideal liquid with three massless scalar fields or by ideal liquid with electric-magnetic field and massless scalar field.
We study generalisations of the Einstein--Straus model in cylindrically symmetric settings by considering the matching of a static space-time to a non-static spatially homogeneous space-time, preserving the symmetry. We find that such models possess severe restrictions, such as constancy of one of the metric coefficients in the non-static part. A consequence of this is that it is impossible to embed static locally cylindrically symmetric objects in reasonable spatially homogeneous cosmologies.
Dirac's constraint analysis and the symplectic structure of geodesic equations are obtained for the general cylindrically symmetric stationary spacetime. For this metric, using the obtained first order Lagrangian, the geodesic equations of motion are integrated, and found some solutions for Lewis, Levi-Civita, and Van Stockum spacetimes.
In this paper we considered the most general form of non conformally flat cylindrically symmetric non-static space-times to study proper conformal motions using direct integration technique. We have shown that very special classes for cylindrically symmetric space-times admit proper conformal motions. This classification also covers non-static and static plane symmetric space-times. In [9] it was claimed that non conformally flat plane symmetric static space-times do not admit proper conformal motion. Here it is also shown that static and non static plane symmetric space-times admit proper con…
We considered the most general form of non-static cylindrically symmetric space-times for studying proper curvature symmetry by using the rank of the 6X6 Riemann matrix and direct integration techniques. Studying proper curvature symmetry in each case of the above space-times it is shown that when the above space-times admit proper curvature symmetry, they form an infinite dimensional vector space.
The $f(R)$ theory is considered for static cylindrically symmetric and plane-symmetric spacetimes. In order to find solutions to the field equations of these models, the Noether symmetry method is used. First, we examine the GR case for cylindrically symmetrical space-time with the $w=-1$ dark energy state. Then, with the assumption of $f(R) = f_0R^n$, cases with matter and non-matter are examined and general solutions are determined for both space-times. Thus, it is shown that inclusive new solutions are obtained, considering the Noether symmetric conditions. In addition, the GR limit for eac…
Using gyroscopes we generalize results, obtained for the gravitomagnetic clock effect in the particular case when the exterior spacetime is produced by a rotating dust cylinder, to the case when the vacuum spacetime is described by the general cylindrically symmetric Lewis spacetime. Results are contrasted with those obtained for the Kerr spacetime.
Dust configurations are the simplest models for astrophysical objects. Here we examine the gravitational collapse of an infinite cylinder of dust and give an analytic interior solution. Surprisingly, starting with a cylindrically symmetric ansatz one arrives at a 3-space with constant curvature, i.e. the resulting metric describes a piece of the Friedman interior of the Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse. Indeed, by introducing double polar coordinates, a 3-space of constant curvature can be interpreted as a cylindrically symmetric space as well. This result shows afresh that topology is not fixed by…
We prove existence of static solutions to the cylindrically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov system, and we show that the matter cylinder has finite extension. The same results are also proved for a quite general class of equations of state for perfect fluids coupled to the Einstein equations, extending the class of equations of state considered in \cite{BL}. We also obtain this result for the Vlasov-Poisson system.
Gravastar models have recently been proposed as an alternative to black holes, mainly to avoid the pro\-ble\-ma\-tic issues associated with event horizons and singularities. In this work, a regular variety of gravastar models within the context of Einstein-Born-Infeld (EBI) nonlinear electrodynamics are builded. These models presented here are truly regular in the sense that both the metric and its derivatives are continuous throughout space-time, contrary to other cases in the literature where matching conditions are necessary in the interior and exterior regions of the event horizon. We inve…
Cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous string cosmological models are investigated in presence of string fluid as a source of matter. To get the three types of exact solutions of Einstein's field equations we assume $A = f(x)k(t)$, $B = g(x)\ell(t)$ and $C = h(x)\ell(t)$. Some physical and geometric aspects of the models are discussed.
Cylindrically symmetric static manifolds are classified according to their homotheties and metrics. In each case the homothety vector fields and the corresponding metrics are obtained explicitly by solving the homothety equations. It turns out that these metrics admit homothety groups $H_m$, where $m=4,5,7,11$. This classification is then used to identify the cylindrically symmetric static spaces admitting the local homotheties, which are globally prohibited due to their topological construction. Einstein's field equations are then used to identify the physical nature of the spaces thus obtain…
Compelling alternatives to black holes, namely, gravitational vacuum star ({\it gravastar}) models, the multilayered structure compact objects, have been proposed to avoid a number of theoretical problems associated with event horizons and singularities. In this work, we construct a spherically symmetric thin-shell charged gravastar model where the vacuum phase transition between the de Sitter interior and the external Reissner--Nordstr$\ddot{\text{o}}$m spacetime (RN) are matched at a junction surface, by using the cut-and-paste procedure. Gravastar solutions are found among the Guilfoyle exa…
This paper investigates cylindrically symmetric distribution of an-isotropic fluid under the expansion-free condition, which requires the existence of vacuum cavity within the fluid distribution. We have discussed two family of solutions which further provide two exact models in each family. Some of these solutions satisfy Darmois junction condition while some show the presence of thin shell on both boundary surfaces. We also formulate a relation between the Weyl tensor and energy density.
Perfect-fluid, static, cylindrically symmetric solutions of Einstein's field equations are obtained for the equations of state $ρ+3p=0$ and $ρ=p$. In the former case, the density and the pressure turn out to be constant while in the later case, they depend on the radial parameter $r$. Evan's solution corresponding to the equation of state $ρ=p$ is included in the solutions discussed here.
A new class of cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous string cosmological models is investigated. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the expansion ($θ$) in the model is proportional to the eigen value $σ^{1}_{1}$ of the shear tensor $σ^{i}_{j}$. The physical and geometric aspects of the model are also discussed.
This paper is devoted to find out cylindrically symmetric kinematic self-similar perfect fluid and dust solutions. We study the cylindrically symmetric solutions which admit kinematic self-similar vectors of second, zeroth and infinite kinds, not only for the tilted fluid case but also for the parallel and orthogonal cases. It is found that the parallel case gives contradiction both in perfect fluid and dust cases. The orthogonal perfect fluid case yields a vacuum solution while the orthogonal dust case gives contradiction. It is worth mentioning that the tilted case provides solution both for…
The aim of this paper is to examine some obtained exact solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations, especially their properties from a chronological point of view. Each our spacetime is stationary cylindrically symmetric and it is filled up with an perfect fluid that is electrically charged. There are two classes of solutions and examples of each of them are investigated. We give examples of the first class both for the vanishing as well as for the non-vanishing Lorentz force.
The Einstein field equations are derived for a static cylindrically symmetric spacetime with elastic matter. The equations can be reduced to a system of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations and we present analytical and numerical solutions satisfying the dominant energy conditions. Furthermore, we show that the solutions can be matched at a finite radius to suitable $Λ$-vacuum exteriors given by the Linet-Tian spacetime.
We solve Einstein's equations for slowly-rotating gravitational condensate stars (gravastars) up to second order in the rotation by expanding about the spherically symmetric gravastar with de Sitter interior and Schwarzschild exterior matched at their common horizon. Requiring that the perturbations are finite on the null surface reduces the exterior geometry to that of a Kerr black hole, implying that a slowly rotating gravastar cannot be distinguished from a Kerr black hole by any measurement or observation restricted to the macroscopic spacetime exterior to the horizon. We determine the int…
Within the scope of a static cylindrically symmetric space-time we study the behavior of a nonlinear spinor field that depends on time and radial coordinates. It is found that the presence of nontrivial non-diagonal components of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) imposes some restriction on both the metric functions and the spinor field. While for the time independent spinor field there occur three way restrictions resembling the Bianchi type-I Universe, in this case things become more complicated.
This paper investigates the influence of charge on physical features of gravastars in the framework of energy-momentum squared gravity. A gravastar is an alternate model to a black hole that comprises of three distinct regions, namely the intermediate shell, inner and outer sectors. Different values of the barotropic equation of state parameter provide the mathematical formulation for these regions. We construct the structure of a gravastar admitting conformal motion for a specific model of energy-momentum squared gravity. The field equations are formulated for a spherically symmetric spacetim…
We consider the existence of Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton plus fluid system for the case of stationary cylindrically symmetric spacetimes. An exact inhomogeneous $ ε$-order solution is found, where the parameter $ε$ parametrizes the non-minimally coupled electromagnetic field. Some its physical attributes are investigated and a connection with already known Gödel-type solution is given. It is shown that the found solution also survives in the string-inspired charged gravity framework. We find that a magnetic field has positive influence on the chronology violation unlike the dilaton influence.
We investigate some exact static cylindrically symmetric solutions for a perfect fluid in the metric $f(R)$ theory of gravity. For this purpose, three different families of solutions are explored. We evaluate energy density, pressure, Ricci scalar and functional form of $f(R)$. It is interesting to mention here that two new exact solutions are found from the last approach, one is in particular form and the other is in the general form. The general form gives a complete description of a cylindrical star in $f(R)$ gravity.
We investigate a class of cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous $Λ$-dust spacetimes which have a regular axis and some zero expansion component. For $Λ\ne 0$, we obtain new exact solutions to the Einstein equations and show that they are unique, within that class. For $Λ=0$, we recover the Senovilla-Vera metric and show that it can be locally matched to an Einstein-Rosen type of exterior. Finally, we explore some consequences of the matching, such as trapped surface formation and gravitational radiation in the exterior.
In this paper we derive some new invariant solutions of Einstein-Maxwell's field equations for string fluid as source of matter in cylindrically symmetric space-time with Variable Magnetic Permeability. We also discuss the physical and eometrical properties of the models derived in the paper. The solutions, at least one of them, are interesting physically as they can explain the accelerating as well as singularity free Universe.
We studied the behavior of nonlinear spinor field within the scope of a static cylindrically symmetric space-time. It is found that the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of the spinor field in this case possesses nontrivial non-diagonal components. The presence of non-diagonal components of the EMT imposes three-way restrictions wither on the space-time geometry or on the components of the spinor field or on both. It should be noted that analogical situation occurs in cosmology when nonlinear spinor field is exploited as a source of gravitational field given by Bianchi type-I cosmological model.
We investigate some structure scalars developed through Riemann tensor for self-gravitating cylindrically symmetric charged dissipative anisotropic fluid. We show that these scalars are directly related to the fundamental properties of the fluid. We formulate dynamical-transport equation as well as the mass function by including charge which are then expressed in terms of structure scalars. The effects of electric charge are investigated in the structure and evolution of compact objects. Finally, we show that all possible solutions of the field equations can be written in terms of these scalar…
For the cylindrically symmetric ''asymptotically flat'' Einstein equations in the case of electro-vacuum it is known that solutions exist globally and also that this class of spacetimes is causally geodesically complete. Hence strong cosmic censorship holds for this class. An interesting question is whether these results can be generalized to include spacetimes with phenomenological matter, e.g. collisionless matter described by the Vlasov equation. Spherically symmetric asymptotically flat solutions of the Einstein-Vlasov system with small initial data are known to be causally geodesically co…
We present calculations of gyroscope precession in spacetimes described by Levi-Civita and Lewis metrics, under different circumstances. By doing so we are able to establish a link between the parameters of the metrics and observable quantities, providing thereby a physical interpretation for those parameters, without specifying the source of the field.
We consider the motion of test particles and light rays in a static cylindrically symmetric conformal spacetime given by Said et al [1]. We derive the equations of motion and present their analytical solutions in terms of the Weierstrass {\wp} function and the Kleinian σ function. Using parametric diagrams and effective potentials we analyze the possible orbits and characterize them in terms of the energy and the angular momentum of the test particles. Finally we show some examples of orbits.
Solutions for cylindrically symmetric spacetimes in f(R) gravity are studied. As a first approach, R=constant is assumed. A solution was found such that it is equivalent to a result given by Azadi et al. for R=0 and a metric was found for R=constant different from zero. Comparison with the case of general relativity with cosmological constant is made and the metric constants are given in terms of Λ. Overlap with arXiv:0810.4673 [gr-qc] by A. Azadi, D. Momeni and M. Nouri-Zonoz
We attempt to match the most general cylindrically symmetric vacuum space-time with a Robertson-Walker interior. The matching conditions show that the interior must be dust filled and that the boundary must be comoving. Further, we show that the vacuum region must be polarized. Imposing the condition that there are no trapped cylinders on an initial time slice, we can apply a result of Thorne's and show that trapped cylinders never evolve. This results in a simplified line element which we prove to be incompatible with the dust interior. This result demonstrates the impossibility of the existe…
In this paper we consider a static, cylindrically symmetric spacetime with coincident f(Q) gravity. Since the field equation of this spacetime in symmetric teleparallel gravity is suitable for choosing the function of f(Q) in the form of power series and exponential forms, perfect fluid solutions of these forms are discussed. Energy densities, directional pressures and energy conditions are plotted and analysed for a few different metric potentials. Although cosmic strings violate all energy conditions in both f(Q) functions, the Levi-Civita solution violates all energy conditions in the power…
Cylindrically symmetric inhomogeneous magnetized string cosmological model is investigated with cosmological term $Λ$ varying with time. To get the deterministic solution, it has been assumed that the expansion ($θ$) in the model is proportional to the eigenvalue $σ^{1}_{1}$ of the shear tensor $σ^{i}_{j}$. The value of cosmological constant for the model is found to be small and positive which is supported by the results from recent supernovae Ia observations. The physical and geometric properties of the model are also discussed in presence and absence of magnetic field.
This paper is devoted to discuss some of the features of self-similar solutions of the first kind. We consider the cylindrically symmetric solutions with different homotheties. We are interested in evaluating the quantities acceleration, rotation, expansion, shear, shear invariant and expansion rate. These kinematical quantities are discussed both in co-moving as well as in non-co-moving coordinates (only in radial direction). Finally, we would discuss the singularity feature of these solutions. It is expected that these properties would help in exploring some interesting features of the self-…
This paper is devoted to explore tilted kinematic self-similar solutions of the the general cylindrical symmetric spacetimes. These solutions are of the first, zeroth, second and infinite kinds for the perfect fluid and dust cases. Three different equations of state are used to obtain these solutions. We obtain a total of five independent solutions. The correspondence of these solutions with those already available in the literature is also given.
This paper discusses traversable wormholes that differ slightly but significantly from those of the Morris-Thorne type under the assumption of cylindrical symmetry. The throat is a piecewise smooth cylindrical surface resulting in a shape function that is not differentiable at some value. It is proposed that the regular derivative be replaced by a one-sided derivative at this value. The resulting wormhole geometry satisfies the weak energy condition.
We study cylindrically symmetric Abelian wormholes (WhC) in $(4+n)$-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory. It is shown that static, four-dimensional, cylindrically symmetric solutions in $(4+n)$-dimensional Kaluza-Klein theory with maximal Abelian isometry group $U(1)^n$ of the internal space with diagonal internal metric can be obtained, as in the case of a supersymmetric static black hole \cite{Cv}, only if the isometry group of the internal space is broken down to the $U (1)_e \times U(1)_m$ gauge group; they correspond to dyonic configurations with one electric $(Q_e)$ and one magnetic $(Q_m)$ c…
We construct the solutions of slowly rotating gravastars with a thin shell. In the zero-rotation limit, we consider the gravastar composed of a de Sitter core, a thin shell, and Schwarzschild exterior spacetime. The rotational effects are treated as small axisymmetric and stationary perturbations. The perturbed internal and external spacetimes are matched with a uniformly rotating thin shell. We assume that the angular velocity of the thin shell, $Ω$, is much smaller than the Keplerian frequency of the nonrotating gravastar, $Ω_k$. The solutions within an accuracy up to the second order of $Ω/…
In this paper, we derive some new invariant solutions of dark energy models in cylindrically symmetric space-time. To quantify the deviation of pressure from isotropy, we introduce three different time dependent skewness parameters along the spatial directions. The matter source consists of dark energy which is minimally interact with perfect fluid. We use symmetry analysis method for solving the non-linear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) which is more powerful than the classical methods of solving NLPDEs. The geometrical and kinematical features of the models and the behaviour of the …
We survey results about exact cylindrically symmetric models of gravitational collapse in General Relativity. We focus on models which result from the matching of two spacetimes having collapsing interiors which develop trapped surfaces and vaccum exteriors containing gravitational waves. We collect some theorems from the literature which help to decide a priori about eventual spacetime matchings. We revise, in more detail, some toy models which include some of the main mathematical and physical issues that arise in this context, and compute the gravitational energy flux through the matching b…
Starting from the stationary cylindrically symmetric solution, but with the coordinates $z$ and $ϕ$ interchanged, and supposing that it could describe the vacuum spacetime of a translating cylinder, we investigate its physical and geometrical properties. This hypothesis is not entirely new since it has already been considered in a previous paper describing a translating source. We show that this metric is geometrically related to the vacuum field produced by a stationary rotating cylindrical source{, known as Lewis solution. However, we find new physical properties, different from those of the…
We investigate matter symmetries of cylindrically symmetric static spacetimes. These are classified for both cases when the energy-momentum tensor is non-degenerate and also when it is degenerate. It is found that the non-degenerate energy-momentum tensor gives either three, four, five, six, seven or ten independent matter collineations in which three are isometries and the rest are proper. The worth mentioning cases are those where we obtain the group of matter collineations finite-dimensional even the energy-momentum tensor is degenerate. These are either three, four, five or ten. Some examp…
This paper is devoted to analyze the dynamical instability of a self-gravitating object undergoes to collapse process. We take the framework of generalized teleparallel gravity with cylindrically symmetric gravitating object. The matter distribution is represented by locally anisotropic energy-momentum tensor. We develop basic equations such as dynamical equations along with matching conditions and Harrison-Wheeler equation of state. By applying linear perturbation strategy, we construct collapse equation which is used to accomplish the instability ranges in Newtonian and post-Newtonian regime…
