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arXiv 2301.12967cs.LGcs.AI
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分层学习:预测时空一致的单体与聚合建筑负荷

Hierarchical learning, forecasting coherent spatio-temporal individual and aggregated building loads

Technical University of Eindhoven(埃因霍温理工大学);Technical University of Denmark(丹麦技术大学)

Julien Leprince, Henrik Madsen, Jan Kloppenborg Møller, Wim Zeiler

AI总结:

本文提出一种多维分层预测方法,在统一框架下协调空间与时间层次,通过一致性感知学习器和最优协调技术实现建筑负荷在时空及聚合层次上的统一一致预测,并在两个案例中验证其价值与局限。

摘要:

最优决策要求我们在不同时间尺度上预见未来。然而,在许多领域中,将来自多个时间尺度和不同抽象层次的预测在组织层面连接起来变得愈发重要,否则决策者将基于相互分离且可能彼此矛盾的未来视图进行规划。这一点在智能电网运行中尤为突出。为了在此类系统中实现最优能量流管理,必须在不同聚合层次和时间尺度上生成准确且一致的预测。本文提出了一种新颖的多维分层预测方法,该方法建立在结构信息驱动的机器学习回归器与既有分层协调分类体系之上。首先定义了一种多维层次结构的通用形式化表示,在统一框架下协调空间与时间层次。接着,开发了一个一致性感知的分层学习器,其核心是基于自定义损失函数,并利用最优协调方法。随后,通过类似的协调技术确保所生成分层预测的一致性。最终得到的是在所有考察维度上统一且一致的预测结果。该方法在两个不同案例研究中进行了评估,用于预测建筑电力负荷在空间、时间和时空层次上的变化。尽管回归器天然受益于计算高效的学习过程,但结果显示在不同设置下性能差异明显,仅在一种设置中体现了分层一致性学习的价值。不过,在全面结果分析的支持下,现有障碍得到了清晰界定,为未来工作指明了不同路径。总体而言,本文扩展并统一了传统上彼此割裂的分层预测方法,为新一代预测回归器提供了一条富有前景的路径。

英文摘要:

Optimal decision-making compels us to anticipate the future at different horizons. However, in many domains connecting together predictions from multiple time horizons and abstractions levels across their organization becomes all the more important, else decision-makers would be planning using separate and possibly conflicting views of the future. This notably applies to smart grid operation. To optimally manage energy flows in such systems, accurate and coherent predictions must be made across varying aggregation levels and horizons. With this work, we propose a novel multi-dimensional hierarchical forecasting method built upon structurally-informed machine-learning regressors and established hierarchical reconciliation taxonomy. A generic formulation of multi-dimensional hierarchies, reconciling spatial and temporal hierarchies under a common frame is initially defined. Next, a coherency-informed hierarchical learner is developed built upon a custom loss function leveraging optimal reconciliation methods. Coherency of the produced hierarchical forecasts is then secured using similar reconciliation technics. The outcome is a unified and coherent forecast across all examined dimensions. The method is evaluated on two different case studies to predict building electrical loads across spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal hierarchies. Although the regressor natively profits from computationally efficient learning, results displayed disparate performances, demonstrating the value of hierarchical-coherent learning in only one setting. Yet, supported by a comprehensive result analysis, existing obstacles were clearly delineated, presenting distinct pathways for future work. Overall, the paper expands and unites traditionally disjointed hierarchical forecasting methods providing a fertile route toward a novel generation of forecasting regressors.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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