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arXiv 2205.00436cs.LGcs.CR
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基于深度学习的差分私有多变量时间序列预测:输入还是梯度扰动?

Differentially Private Multivariate Time Series Forecasting of Aggregated Human Mobility With Deep Learning: Input or Gradient Perturbation?

Inria(法国国家信息与自动化研究所);École Polytechnique (IPP)(巴黎综合理工学院(巴黎理工学院));Femto-ST Institute(弗朗什-孔泰电子、力学、热学与光学科学技术研究所);Univ. Bourg. Franche-Comté(勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰大学);UBFC(勃艮第-弗朗什-孔泰大学联盟);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);Orange Applications For Business(Orange商业应用公司);Orange Labs.(奥兰治实验室);Antonine University Hadat-Baabda(哈达特-巴卜达安东尼大学);National University of Singapore(新加坡国立大学)

Héber H. Arcolezi, Jean-François Couchot, Denis Renaud, Bechara Al Bouna, Xiaokui Xiao

摘要:

本文研究的问题,预测多变量聚集的人的流动性,同时保护有关个人的隐私。差分隐私是一种最先进的形式化概念,在训练深度学习模型时,已在两个不同且独立的步骤中用作隐私保证。一方面,我们考虑了\textit{gradient perturbation},它使用差分隐私随机梯度下降算法来保证每个时间序列样本在学习阶段的隐私性。另一方面,我们考虑了\textit{input perturbation},它在应用任何学习之前在序列的每个样本中添加了差分隐私保证。我们比较了四种最先进的递归神经网络:长短期记忆,门控递归单元,以及它们的双向架构,即,Bidirectional-LSTM和Bidirectional-GRU我们使用真实世界的多变量移动数据集进行了广泛的实验,该数据集与本文一起公开发表。如结果所示,在梯度或输入扰动下训练的差异私有深度学习模型实现了与非私有深度学习模型几乎相同的性能,性能损失在$0.57\%$到$2.8\%$之间变化。本文的贡献对于参与城市规划和决策的人员具有重要意义,通过差异化私人深度学习模型为人类流动性多变量预测问题提供了解决方案。

英文摘要:

This paper investigates the problem of forecasting multivariate aggregated human mobility while preserving the privacy of the individuals concerned. Differential privacy, a state-of-the-art formal notion, has been used as the privacy guarantee in two different and independent steps when training deep learning models. On one hand, we considered \textit{gradient perturbation}, which uses the differentially private stochastic gradient descent algorithm to guarantee the privacy of each time series sample in the learning stage. On the other hand, we considered \textit{input perturbation}, which adds differential privacy guarantees in each sample of the series before applying any learning. We compared four state-of-the-art recurrent neural networks: Long Short-Term Memory, Gated Recurrent Unit, and their Bidirectional architectures, i.e., Bidirectional-LSTM and Bidirectional-GRU. Extensive experiments were conducted with a real-world multivariate mobility dataset, which we published openly along with this paper. As shown in the results, differentially private deep learning models trained under gradient or input perturbation achieve nearly the same performance as non-private deep learning models, with loss in performance varying between $0.57\%$ to $2.8\%$. The contribution of this paper is significant for those involved in urban planning and decision-making, providing a solution to the human mobility multivariate forecast problem through differentially private deep learning models.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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