半个世纪的全球科学合作与“缩小世界”
A half-century of global collaboration in science and the 'Shrinking World'
AI总结：
该研究基于OpenAlex数据，分析了过去50年国际科研合作集群的演变，发现美中合作在2019年后减弱，并证实了全球科研合作“缩小世界”现象，为理解国际合作格局提供了宏观视角。
摘要：
近几十年来，研究人员的跨境合作模式发生了巨大变化，各国之间的合作与竞争日益加剧。对于学术界和政策领导者来说，理解国际研究合作的全面范围、本国在其中的地位及其随时间的演变至关重要。然而，关于这种世界规模动态的证据仍然稀缺。本文利用OpenAlex（一个于2022年推出的大规模开放文献计量平台）的数据，提供了过去50年来国际科研合作集群如何形成和演变的独特证据。我们首先考察了15个自然科学学科中顶级国家的全球存在如何随时间变化，以论文发表量和国际合作率来衡量。值得注意的是，我们观察到美国和中国几十年来迅速接近，但在2019年后开始分离。然后，我们进行层次聚类分析，以可视化和分析每个学科和时期的国际合作集群。最后，我们提供了过去半个世纪全球范围内研究合作“缩小世界”的定量证据。我们的结果为过去、现在和未来的国际合作提供了宝贵的宏观视角。
英文摘要：
Recent decades have witnessed a dramatic shift in the cross-border collaboration mode of researchers, with countries increasingly cooperating and competing with one another. It is crucial for leaders in academia and policy to understand the full extent of international research collaboration, their country's position within it, and its evolution over time. However, evidence for such world-scale dynamism is still scarce. This paper provides unique evidence of how international collaboration clusters have formed and evolved over the past 50 years across various scientific publications, using data from OpenAlex, a large-scale Open Bibliometrics platform launched in 2022. We first examine how the global presence of top-tier countries has changed in 15 natural science disciplines over time, as measured by publication volumes and international collaboration rates. Notably, we observe that the US and China have been rapidly moving closer together for decades but began moving apart after 2019. We then perform a hierarchical clustering to analyse and visualise the international collaboration clusters for each discipline and period. Finally, we provide quantitative evidence of a `Shrinking World' of research collaboration at a global scale over the past half-century. Our results provide valuable insights into the big picture of past, present and future international collaboration.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
