金头鲷饲料的替代配方：实现更可持续的生产
Alternative formulations for gilthead seabream diets: towards a more sustainable production
摘要：
为了支持未来几年水产养殖产量的预期增长，需要更广泛的鱼粉替代成分，以促进提高生产的可持续性。本研究旨在测试非常规饲料成分配制的饲料对金头鲷（Sparus aurata）生长性能、饲料利用率、营养物质表观消化率和向环境的营养物质输出的影响。配制了四种等氮和等能饮食：类似于商业饲料的对照饮食（CTRL）和三种实验饮食，其含有作为主要蛋白质来源的植物副产品、麸质和浓缩物（PLANT）;加工的动物蛋白（PAP）;或微/大型藻类、昆虫粉和酵母（EMERG）。在80天内对饲料进行三次重复检测。与其他处理相比，（EMERG）处理导致鱼类生长性能降低，饲料转化率升高，营养物质和能量存留率降低。最低的蛋白质消化率发现EMERG饮食，这导致增加氮损失。与对照组相比，PLANT和PAP处理组鱼的生长性能更好，营养物质和能量保留率更高，FCR更低。投喂PLANT和PAP饲料的鱼的饲料转化率显著提高，这些饲料的蛋白质消化率高，有助于最大限度地减少海鸟生产对环境的影响
英文摘要：
To support the expected increase in aquaculture production during the next years, a wider range of alternative ingredients to fishmeal is needed, towards contributing to an increase in production sustainability. This study aimed to test diets formulated with non-conventional feed ingredients on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) growth performance, feed utilization, apparent digestibility of nutrients and nutrient outputs to the environment. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated: a control diet (CTRL) similar to a commercial feed and three experimental diets containing, as main protein sources, plant by-products, glutens and concentrates (PLANT); processed animal proteins (PAP); or micro/macroalgae, insect meals and yeast (EMERG). Diets were tested in triplicate during 80 days. The (EMERG) treatment resulted in lower fish growth performance, higher FCR and lower nutrient and energy retentions than the other treatments. The lowest protein digestibility was found for the EMERG diet, which caused increased nitrogen losses. The PLANT and PAP treatments resulted in better fish growth performance, higher nutrient and energy retentions, and lower FCR than the CTRL treatment. The significant improvement in FCR found for fish fed PLANT and PAP diets and the high protein digestibility of these diets contribute towards minimizing the environmental impacts of seabream production
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