不同投喂频率对不同鱼粉和鱼油水平下金头鲷生长、饲料利用、消化酶活性和血浆生化的影响
Effects of different feeding frequencies on growth, feed utilisation, digestive enzyme activities and plasma biochemistry of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed with different fishmeal and fish oil dietary levels
摘要：
在地中海水产养殖的背景下，很少有人注意到在生长阶段的喂养频率的操纵。研究了不同投喂频率（1日1餐、2日2餐、3日3餐）对金头鲷生长、消化酶活性、饲料消化率和血浆生化指标的影响。1758）喂食高和低鱼粉和鱼油水平。等氮和等脂挤压饲料喂给三个重复的鱼组，由一个固定的比例超过109天。不同投喂频率对添加不同水平鱼粉和鱼油的金头鲷的生长性能、饲料利用率和饲料消化率均无显著影响。胃蛋白酶的活性显示出明显的下降，在鱼接受超过一餐一天，这是没有得到补偿的碱性蛋白酶的生产增加，特别是在鱼喂养低FM。虽然有没有影响的增长和饲料利用率在增加喂养频率，胰蛋白酶显着下降，增加膳食次数只有在低FMFO饮食。因此，连续进餐似乎可以放大所采用的以蔬菜粉为基础的饮食的潜在胰蛋白酶抑制剂作用。与营养和生理条件相关的血浆参数的结果不受喂食频率的影响。在喂食具有高FMFO水平的单次每日膳食的鱼中检测到的较高水平的血浆肌酸酐似乎在与用该饮食观察到的较高蛋白质效率相关的生理值内。根据研究结果，金头鲷似乎能够最大限度地提高饲料利用率，而无论进餐次数如何，这可能是一个有用的指标，用于规划养殖场的饲养活动，以优化鱼类的生长和饲养程序的成本。
英文摘要：
In the context of Mediterranean aquaculture little attention has been paid to the manipulation of feeding frequency at the on-growing phase. The effects of different feeding frequencies: one meal per day, two meals per day, three meals per day on growth, digestive enzyme activity, feed digestibility and plasma biochemistry were studied in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L. 1758) fed with high and low fishmeal and fish oil levels. Isonitrogenous and isolipidic extruded diets were fed to triplicate fish groups by a fixed ration over 109 days. No significant effects of feeding frequency on overall performance, feed efficiency and feed digestibility during the on-growing of gilthead sea bream fed high or low fishmeal and fish oil dietary level were observed. Pepsin activity showed an apparent decrease in fish receiving more than one meal a day which was not compensated by an increased production of alkaline proteases particularly in fish fed on low FM. Although there were no effects on growth and feed utilisation at increasing feeding frequency, trypsin decreased significantly with an increasing number of meals only under low FMFO diet. Thus, it seemed that consecutive meals could have amplified the potential trypsin inhibitor effect of the vegetable meal-based diet adopted. Results of the plasma parameters related to nutritional and physiological conditions were not affected by feeding frequency. The higher level of plasma creatinine detected in fish fed a single daily meal with high FMFO level seems to be within physiological values in relation to the higher protein efficiency observed with this diet. According to the results, gilthead sea bream seems able to maximise feed utilisation regardless of the number of meals, and this could be a useful indicator for planning feeding activity at farm level to optimise growth of fish and costs of feeding procedures.
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