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arXiv 2210.09856astro-ph.SRphysics.plasm-phphysics.space-ph
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太阳耀斑中MHD湍流的形成:三维模拟与合成观测

MHD turbulence formation in solar flares: 3D simulation and synthetic observations

Wenzhi Ruan, Limei Yan, Rony Keppens

AI总结:

本研究通过含磁重联的三维MHD模拟重现太阳耀斑湍流,揭示其由重联出流与磁拱非线性作用、KHI驱动形成,验证了湍流与高能电子的关联及能量转化效率。

摘要:

湍流等离子体运动在宇宙中普遍存在,且被认为可在太阳耀斑中驱动有效加速过程,产生高能电子。在极紫外(EUV)观测中,耀斑内经常探测到未被分辨的整体运动,这类运动通常被视为湍流。然而,这类等离子体湍流在耀斑过程中如何形成,目前在很大程度上仍是未解之谜。本研究通过纳入磁重联过程的三维磁流体动力学(MHD)模拟,成功重现了观测到的湍流现象。湍流的形成是重联出流与重联位点下方磁拱之间复杂非线性相互作用的结果,其中剪切流驱动的开尔文-亥姆霍兹不稳定性(KHI)在湍流涡旋的产生中发挥关键作用。湍流形成于高密度耀斑环上方,随后以阿尔文扰动的形式沿磁场向色球足点传播。在终止激波附近可观测到超过200 km s^-1的高湍流速度,而在数密度约为10^11 cm^-3的低层大气中,湍流速度可达10 km s^-1。非热速度最大的湍流区域与观测到的高能电子集中区域相吻合,证明了湍流在加速过程中的潜在作用。极紫外波段的合成视图与拟合得到的Hinode-EIS光谱均与观测结果高度吻合。能量分析表明,超过10%的重联下流动能可通过KHI转化为湍流动能。

英文摘要:

Turbulent plasma motion is common in the universe, and invoked in solar flares to drive effective acceleration leading to high energy electrons. Unresolved mass motions are frequently detected in flares from extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations, which are often regarded as turbulence. However, how this plasma turbulence forms during the flare is still largely a mystery. Here we successfully reproduce observed turbulence in our 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulation where the magnetic reconnection process is included. The turbulence forms as a result of an intricate non-linear interaction between the reconnection outflows and the magnetic arcades below the reconnection site, in which the shear-flow driven Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability (KHI) plays a key role for generating turbulent vortices. The turbulence is produced above high density flare loops, and then propagates to chromospheric footpoints along the magnetic field as Alfvenic perturbations. High turbulent velocities above 200 km s^-1 can be found around the termination shock, while the low atmosphere reaches turbulent velocities of 10 km s^-1 at a layer where the number density is about 10^11 cm^-3. The turbulent region with maximum non-thermal velocity coincides with the region where the observed high-energy electrons are concentrated, demonstrating the potential role of turbulence in acceleration. Synthetic views in EUV and fitted Hinode-EIS spectra show excellent agreement with observational results. An energy analysis demonstrates that more than 10% of the reconnection downflow kinetic energy can be converted to turbulent energy via KHI.

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