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arXiv 2209.09608cs.AI
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图值迭代

Graph Value Iteration

Cornell University(康奈尔大学)

Dieqiao Feng, Carla P. Gomes, Bart Selman

摘要:

近年来,深度强化学习(RL)在各种组合搜索领域取得了成功,例如双人游戏和科学发现。然而,直接将深度RL应用于规划领域仍然具有挑战性。一个主要的困难是,如果没有人工设计的启发式函数,奖励信号保持为零,除非学习框架发现任何解决方案。随着计划的最小长度增加,搜索空间变为\emph{exponentially larger},这对于最小计划长度为数百到数千步的计划实例是一个严重的限制。以前的学习框架用深度神经网络和额外生成的子目标来增强图搜索,已经在各种具有挑战性的规划领域取得了成功。然而,生成有用的子目标需要广泛的领域知识。我们提出了一种独立于域的方法,该方法通过图值迭代来增强图搜索,以解决领域专用求解器无法实现的硬规划实例。特别是,我们的方法不是只从发现的计划中接收学习信号,而是从没有达到目标状态的失败搜索尝试中学习。图值迭代组件可以利用局部搜索空间的图结构,并提供更多信息的学习信号。我们还展示了如何使用课程策略来平滑学习过程,并对图值迭代如何缩放和实现学习进行了全面分析。

英文摘要:

In recent years, deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been successful in various combinatorial search domains, such as two-player games and scientific discovery. However, directly applying deep RL in planning domains is still challenging. One major difficulty is that without a human-crafted heuristic function, reward signals remain zero unless the learning framework discovers any solution plan. Search space becomes \emph{exponentially larger} as the minimum length of plans grows, which is a serious limitation for planning instances with a minimum plan length of hundreds to thousands of steps. Previous learning frameworks that augment graph search with deep neural networks and extra generated subgoals have achieved success in various challenging planning domains. However, generating useful subgoals requires extensive domain knowledge. We propose a domain-independent method that augments graph search with graph value iteration to solve hard planning instances that are out of reach for domain-specialized solvers. In particular, instead of receiving learning signals only from discovered plans, our approach also learns from failed search attempts where no goal state has been reached. The graph value iteration component can exploit the graph structure of local search space and provide more informative learning signals. We also show how we use a curriculum strategy to smooth the learning process and perform a full analysis of how graph value iteration scales and enables learning.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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