The probability of primordial black hole (PBH) formation is known to be boosted during the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) crossover due to a slight reduction of the equation of state. This induces a high peak and other features in the PBH mass distribution. But the impact of this variation during the PBH formation has been so far neglected. In this work we simulate for the first time the formation of PBHs by taking into account the varying equation of state at the QCD epoch, compute the over-density threshold using different curvature profiles and find that the resulting PBH mass distributions are significantly impacted. The expected merger rate distributions of early and late PBH binaries is comparable to the ones inferred from the GWTC-3 catalog for dark matter fractions in PBHs within $0.1 < f_{\rm PBH} <1 $. The distribution of gravitational-wave events estimated from the volume sensitivity could explain mergers around $30-50 M_\odot$, with asymmetric masses like GW190814, or in the pair-instability mass gap like GW190521. However, none of the considered cases leads to a multi-modal distribution with a secondary peak around $8-15 M_\odot$, as suggested by the GWTC-3 catalog, possibly pointing to a mixed population of astrophysical and primordial black holes.
Reconstruction of Power Spectrum of Primordial Curvature Perturbations on small scales from Primordial Black Hole Binaries scenario of LIGO/VIRGO detection
Parameter estimation for the GWTC-4.0 catalog with phenomenological waveform models that include orbital eccentricity and an updated description of spin precession
Universitat de les Illes Balears（巴利阿里群岛大学）；Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC)（空间科学研究所）
From inflation to black hole mergers and back again: Gravitational-wave data-driven constraints on inflationary scenarios with a first-principle model of primordial black holes across the QCD epoch
Probing Primordial Black Holes with upcoming Radio Telescopes: a case study for LOFAR2.0, FAST Core Array and BINGO
Universidade Federal de Campina Grande（坎皮纳格兰德联邦大学）；Leibniz University Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学）；Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg（海德堡大学）；Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Albert Einstein Institute（马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所，爱因斯坦研究所）
Mind the peak: improving cosmological constraints from GWTC-4.0 spectral sirens using semiparametric mass models
Università di Bologna（博洛尼亚大学）；INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（博洛尼亚天文物理与空间科学研究所）；INFN - Sezione di Bologna（博洛尼亚意大利国家核物理研究所）
How do the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA's Heavy Black Holes Form? No evidence for core-collapse Intermediate-mass black holes in GWTC-4
Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台暗物质与空间天文重点实验室）；Institute for Theoretical Physics and Cosmology, Zhejiang University of Technology（浙江工业大学理论物理与宇宙学研究所）；Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University（安徽师范大学物理系）
A fast deep-learning approach to probing primordial black hole populations in gravitational wave events
School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学物理科学学院）；School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS（中国科学院大学杭州高等研究院基础物理与数学学院）；Department of Physics and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Strongly Coupled Physics, Chongqing University（重庆大学物理系强耦合物理重庆市重点实验室）；International Center for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific, Beijing/Hangzhou, China（亚太理论物理中心）；Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe (Beijing/Hangzhou), UCAS（中国科学院大学太极引力波宇宙实验室）；Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院理论物理研究所）
Constraints on primordial black holes from the first part of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA fourth observing run
LIGO Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology（巴塞罗那科学技术大学）；New York University Abu Dhabi（纽约大学阿布扎比分校）；Keemilise ja Bioloogilise Füüsika Instituut（塔尔图大学化学与生物物理研究所）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova（帕多瓦大学）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova（意大利国家核物理研究所）；Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)（加泰罗尼亚研究高级学院）
Evidence for Intermediate-Mass Black Holes From Microlensing Signatures in CHIME/FRB catalog 2
School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University（长江大学物理与光电工程学院）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学物理学院）；Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学天文与前沿科学研究院）；School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University（武汉大学物理科学与技术学院）
Emergent structure in the binary black hole mass distribution and implications for population-based cosmology
Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, L2IT（图卢兹大学）；Laboratoire de Physique de l’ENS, Université Paris Cité, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS（巴黎高等师范学院物理实验室）
Reconstruction of Primordial Power Spectrum from Gravitational Waves of High-Redshift Black Hole Binaries
Institute for Basic Science (IBS)（基础科学研究院）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo（东京大学基础研究院宇宙物理与数学 Kavli 研究所）；Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo（东京大学理学研究科物理学系）；School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University（同济大学物理科学与工程学院）；Department of Physics, Institute of Science Tokyo（东京科学大学物理学系）；Department of Physics and IPAP, Yonsei University（延世大学物理学及应用物理系）；Institute for Advanced Study of Tongji University（同济大学高等研究院）
Spectral sirens cosmology from binary black holes populations with sharper mass features
L2IT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3（图卢兹大学）；Laboratoire de Physique de l’ENS, Université Paris Cité, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS（巴黎综合理工学院）
Calibrating spectral siren cosmology with synthetic catalogs of binary black hole mergers
INFN, Sezione di Roma（意大利国家核物理研究所罗马分部）；Gran Sasso Science Institute（格兰萨索科学研究所）；INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso（意大利国家核物理研究所格兰萨索国家实验室）；INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）
