This technical report presents a comparative analysis of existing deep learning (DL) based approaches for brain tumor segmentation with missing MRI modalities. Approaches evaluated include the Adversarial Co-training Network (ACN) and a combination of mmGAN and DeepMedic. A more stable and easy-to-use version of mmGAN is also open-sourced at a GitHub repository. Using the BraTS2018 dataset, this work demonstrates that the state-of-the-art ACN performs better especially when T1c is missing. While a simple combination of mmGAN and DeepMedic also shows strong potentials when only one MRI modality is missing. Additionally, this work initiated discussions with future research directions for brain tumor segmentation with missing MRI modalities.
University of Calcutta（加尔各答大学）；West Bengal University of Technology（西孟加拉技术大学）
Tumor segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data is an important but time consuming manual task performed by medical experts. Automating this process is a challenging task because of the high diversity in the appearance of tumor tissues among different patients and in many cases similarity with the normal tissues. MRI is an advanced medical imaging technique providing rich information about the human soft-tissue anatomy. There are different brain tumor detection and segmentation methods to detect and segment a brain tumor from MRI images. These detection and segmentation approache…
The brain tumor segmentation on MRI images is a very difficult and important task which is used in surgical and medical planning and assessments. If experts do the segmentation manually with their own medical knowledge, it will be time-consuming. Therefore, researchers propose methods and systems which can do the segmentation automatically and without any interference. In this article, an unsupervised automatic method for brain tumor segmentation on MRI images is presented. In this method, at first in the pre-processing level, the extra parts which are outside the skull and don't have any help…
School of Computer Science, University of Lincoln（林肯大学计算机科学学院）；National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London（帝国理工学院国家心肺研究所）
In this paper, we propose a novel learning based method for automated segmentation of brain tumor in multimodal MRI images, which incorporates two sets of machine -learned and hand crafted features. Fully convolutional networks (FCN) forms the machine learned features and texton based features are considered as hand-crafted features. Random forest (RF) is used to classify the MRI image voxels into normal brain tissues and different parts of tumors, i.e. edema, necrosis and enhancing tumor. The method was evaluated on BRATS 2017 challenge dataset. The results show that the proposed method provi…
Medical Resonance Imaging or MRI is a medical image processing technique that used radio waves to scan the body. It is a tomographic imaging technique, principally used in the field of radiology. With the advantage of being a painless diagnostic procedure, MRI allows medical personnel to illustrate clear pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes occurring in the body, thus allowing early detection and treatment of diseases. These images, combined with image processing techniques may be used in the detection of tumors, difficult to identify with the naked eye. This digital assignm…
One of the most important tasks in medical image processing is the brain's whole tumor segmentation. It assists in quicker clinical assessment and early detection of brain tumors, which is crucial for lifesaving treatment procedures of patients. Because, brain tumors often can be malignant or benign, if they are detected at an early stage. A brain tumor is a collection or a mass of abnormal cells in the brain. The human skull encloses the brain very rigidly and any growth inside this restricted place can cause severe health issues. The detection of brain tumors requires careful and intricate a…
Segmentation of images holds an important position in the area of image processing. It becomes more important whi le typically dealing with medical images where presurgery and post surgery decisions are required for the purpose of initiating and speeding up the recovery process. Segmentation of 3-D tumor structures from magnetic resonance images (MRI) is a very challenging problem due to the variability of tumor geometry and intensity patterns. Level set evolution combining global smoothness with the flexibility of topology changes offers significant advantages over the conventional statistica…
Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University（康考迪亚大学康考迪亚信息系统工程研究所）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）
According to official statistics, cancer is considered as the second leading cause of human fatalities. Among different types of cancer, brain tumor is seen as one of the deadliest forms due to its aggressive nature, heterogeneous characteristics, and low relative survival rate. Determining the type of brain tumor has significant impact on the treatment choice and patient's survival. Human-centered diagnosis is typically error-prone and unreliable resulting in a recent surge of interest to automatize this process using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). CNNs, however, fail to fully utilize …
Automatic image segmentation becomes very crucial for tumor detection in medical image processing.In general, manual and semi automatic segmentation techniques require more time and knowledge. However these drawbacks had overcome by automatic segmentation still there needs to develop more appropriate techniques for medical image segmentation. Therefore, we proposed hybrid approach based image segmentation using the combined features of region growing and threshold based segmentation techniques. It is followed by pre-processing stage to provide an accurate brain tumor extraction by the help of …
Brain Tumor Classification from MRI Scans via Transfer Learning and Enhanced Feature Representation
Department of CSE, Netrokona University（计算机科学与工程系，Netrokona大学）；Department of CSE, The University of Rajshahi（计算机科学与工程系，拉贾沙希大学）；Department of Information Technology, Allen E. Paulson College of Engineering and Computing, Georgia Southern University（信息技术系，乔治亚南方大学）；Centre for Image and Vision Computing (CIVC), COE for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering (FAIE), Multimedia University（图像与视觉计算中心（CIVC），人工智能学院，人工智能与工程学院，多媒体大学）
TumorFlow: Physics-Guided Longitudinal MRI Synthesis of Glioblastoma Growth
Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany（慕尼黑技术大学（TUM））；Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML)（慕尼黑机器学习中心）；AI for Image-Guided Diagnosis and Therapy（图像引导诊断与治疗的AI）；Chair for AI in Healthcare and Medicine, TUM and TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany（医疗与医学中的AI主任，慕尼黑技术大学及慕尼黑大学医院）
In this paper, we propose a novel learning based method for automated segmenta-tion of brain tumor in multimodal MRI images. The machine learned features from fully convolutional neural network (FCN) and hand-designed texton fea-tures are used to classify the MRI image voxels. The score map with pixel-wise predictions is used as a feature map which is learned from multimodal MRI train-ing dataset using the FCN. The learned features are then applied to random for-ests to classify each MRI image voxel into normal brain tissues and different parts of tumor. The method was evaluated on BRATS 2013 …
Segmenting a MRI images into homogeneous texture regions representing disparate tissue types is often a useful preprocessing step in the computer-assisted detection of breast cancer. That is why we proposed new algorithm to detect cancer in mammogram breast cancer images. In this paper we proposed segmentation using vector quantization technique. Here we used Linde Buzo-Gray algorithm (LBG) for segmentation of MRI images. Initially a codebook of size 128 was generated for MRI images. These code vectors were further clustered in 8 clusters using same LBG algorithm. These 8 images were displayed…
University of North Carolina at Charlotte（北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校）；University of Science and Technology Beijing（北京科技大学）；Scoop Medical
Brain tumor segmentation plays a pivotal role in medical image processing. In this work, we aim to segment brain MRI volumes. 3D convolution neural networks (CNN) such as 3D U-Net and V-Net employing 3D convolutions to capture the correlation between adjacent slices have achieved impressive segmentation results. However, these 3D CNN architectures come with high computational overheads due to multiple layers of 3D convolutions, which may make these models prohibitive for practical large-scale applications. To this end, we propose a highly efficient 3D CNN to achieve real-time dense volumetric …
In this work, we address the TrackRAD2025 challenge of real-time tumor tracking in cine-MRI sequences of the thoracic and abdominal regions under strong data scarcity constraints. Two complementary strategies were explored: (i) unsupervised registration with the IMPACT similarity metric and (ii) foundation model-based segmentation leveraging SAM 2.1 and its recent variants through prompt-based interaction. Due to the one-second runtime constraint, the SAM-based method was ultimately selected. The final configuration used SAM2.1 b+ with mask-based prompts from the first annotated slice, fine-tu…
Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院）；Zhejiang University of Technology（浙江工业大学）
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant tumor predisposition syndrome that involves the central and peripheral nervous systems. Accurate detection and segmentation of neurofibromas are essential for assessing tumor burden and longitudinal tumor size changes. Automatic convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are sensitive and vulnerable as tumors' variable anatomical location and heterogeneous appearance on MRI. In this study, we propose deep interactive networks (DINs) to address the above limitations. User interactions guide the model to recognize complicated tumors and quickly a…
Vingroup Big Data Institute (VinBigdata)（越南 VinBigdata 大数据研究院）；Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST)（河内科技大学）；University of Engineering and Technology (UET), VNU（越南国立大学工程技术大学）
Brain tumor segmentation plays an essential role in medical image analysis. In recent studies, deep convolution neural networks (DCNNs) are extremely powerful to tackle tumor segmentation tasks. We propose in this paper a novel training method that enhances the segmentation results by adding an additional classification branch to the network. The whole network was trained end-to-end on the Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Challenge (BraTS) 2020 training dataset. On the BraTS's validation set, it achieved an average Dice score of 78.43%, 89.99%, and 84.22% respectively for the enhancing tumo…
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center（纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心）
Lack of large expert annotated MR datasets makes training deep learning models difficult. Therefore, a cross-modality (MR-CT) deep learning segmentation approach that augments training data using pseudo MR images produced by transforming expert-segmented CT images was developed. Eighty-One T2-weighted MRI scans from 28 patients with non-small cell lung cancers were analyzed. Cross-modality prior encoding the transformation of CT to pseudo MR images resembling T2w MRI was learned as a generative adversarial deep learning model. This model augmented training data arising from 6 expert-segmented …
Treatment-aware Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Longitudinal MRI Generation and Diffuse Glioma Growth Prediction
Oslo University Hospital（奥斯陆大学医院）；Universitat Politècnica de València（瓦伦西亚理工大学）；Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones（信息技术与通信大学学院）
South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；Rochester Institute of Technology（罗切斯特理工学院）
Due to the difficulties of obtaining multimodal paired images in clinical practice, recent studies propose to train brain tumor segmentation models with unpaired images and capture complementary information through modality translation. However, these models cannot fully exploit the complementary information from different modalities. In this work, we thus present a novel two-step (intra-modality and inter-modality) curriculum disentanglement learning framework to effectively utilize privileged semi-paired images, i.e. limited paired images that are only available in training, for brain tumor …
Robust Brain Tumor Segmentation with Incomplete MRI Modalities Using Hölder Divergence and Mutual Information-Enhanced Knowledge Transfer
MSU-BIT-SMBU Joint Research Center of Applied Mathematics, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University（深圳MSU-BIT大学应用数学联合研究中心）；Institute of Control Theory and Control Engineering, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学控制理论与控制工程研究所）；School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学数学与统计学学院）；Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ)（广东人工智能与数字经济实验室（深圳））
ETS Montreal（蒙特利尔工程技术学院）；Fourth Military Medical University（第四军医大学）；Xidian Univeristy（西安电子科技大学）
Precise segmentation of bladder walls and tumor regions is an essential step towards non-invasive identification of tumor stage and grade, which is critical for treatment decision and prognosis of patients with bladder cancer (BC). However, the automatic delineation of bladder walls and tumor in magnetic resonance images (MRI) is a challenging task, due to important bladder shape variations, strong intensity inhomogeneity in urine and very high variability across population, particularly on tumors appearance. To tackle these issues, we propose to use a deep fully convolutional neural network. …
This paper presents an efficient architecture for various image filtering algorithms and tumor characterization using Xilinx System Generator (XSG). This architecture offers an alternative through a graphical user interface that combines MATLAB, Simulink and XSG and explores important aspects concerned to hardware implementation. Performance of this architecture implemented in SPARTAN-3E Starter kit (XC3S500E-FG320) exceeds those of similar or greater resources architectures. The proposed architecture reduces the resources available on target device by 50%.
University of Minho（米尼奥大学）；University Hospital Inselspital（因塞尔施皮塔尔大学医院）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）
Glioblastoma Multiforme is a high grade, very aggressive, brain tumor, with patients having a poor prognosis. Lower grade gliomas are less aggressive, but they can evolve into higher grade tumors over time. Patient management and treatment can vary considerably with tumor grade, ranging from tumor resection followed by a combined radio- and chemotherapy to a "wait and see" approach. Hence, tumor grading is important for adequate treatment planning and monitoring. The gold standard for tumor grading relies on histopathological diagnosis of biopsy specimens. However, this procedure is invasive, …
University College Dublin（都柏林大学学院）；Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne - Université Paris 12（巴黎东-马恩拉瓦莱大学（巴黎第十二大学））；ADAPT SFI Research Centre（ADAPT SFI研究中心）
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the most commonly used non-intrusive technique for medical image acquisition. Brain tumor segmentation is the process of algorithmically identifying tumors in brain MRI scans. While many approaches have been proposed in the literature for brain tumor segmentation, this paper proposes a lightweight implementation of U-Net. Apart from providing real-time segmentation of MRI scans, the proposed architecture does not need large amount of data to train the proposed lightweight U-Net. Moreover, no additional data augmentation step is required. The lightweight U-Ne…
Brain Tumor Segmentation in MRI Images with 3D U-Net and Contextual Transformer
University of Information Technology（信息科技大学）；Vietnam National University（越南国家大学）；College of Technology and Design, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City（胡志明市经济大学技术与设计学院）；Ho Chi Minh City Open University（胡志明市开放大学）
Towards Label-Free Brain Tumor Segmentation: Unsupervised Learning with Multimodal MRI
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)（西班牙巴塞罗那理工大学）；University College Dublin (UCD)（都柏林大学）；Dublin City University (DCU)（都柏林城市大学）；Insight Research Ireland Center For Data Analytics（爱尔兰数据分析研究中心）
Background: Glioma is the most common brain malignant tumor, with a high morbidity rate and a mortality rate of more than three percent, which seriously endangers human health. The main method of acquiring brain tumors in the clinic is MRI. Segmentation of brain tumor regions from multi-modal MRI scan images is helpful for treatment inspection, post-diagnosis monitoring, and effect evaluation of patients. However, the common operation in clinical brain tumor segmentation is still manual segmentation, lead to its time-consuming and large performance difference between different operators, a con…
Tumor Location-weighted MRI-Report Contrastive Learning: A Framework for Improving the Explainability of Pediatric Brain Tumor Diagnosis
The Hospital for Sick Children（病童医院）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence（矢量人工智能研究所）；University Hospital Augsburg（奥格斯堡大学医院）
The most common primary brain tumors are gliomas, evolving from the cerebral supportive cells. For clinical follow-up, the evaluation of the preoperative tumor volume is essential. Volumetric assessment of tumor volume with manual segmentation of its outlines is a time-consuming process that can be overcome with the help of computerized segmentation methods. In this contribution, two methods for World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV glioma segmentation in the human brain are compared using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patient data from the clinical routine. One method uses balloon infla…
Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used for the analysis and diagnosis of brain diseases. Accurate and automatic brain tumor segmentation is of paramount importance for radiation treatment. However, low tissue contrast in tumor regions makes it a challenging task.Approach: We propose a novel segmentation network named Category Guided Attention U-Net (CGA U-Net). In this model, we design a Supervised Attention Module (SAM) based on the attention mechanism, which can capture more accurate and stable long-range dependency in feature maps without introducing much computati…
Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院）；Harvard University（哈佛大学）；General Electric Healthcare（通用电气医疗集团）；Indian Institute of Science（印度科学学院）
Gliomas are one of the most frequent brain tumors and are classified into high grade and low grade gliomas. The segmentation of various regions such as tumor core, enhancing tumor etc. plays an important role in determining severity and prognosis. Here, we have developed a multi-threshold model based on attention U-Net for identification of various regions of the tumor in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We propose a multi-path segmentation and built three separate models for the different regions of interest. The proposed model achieved mean Dice Coefficient of 0.59, 0.72, and 0.61 for enhan…
Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence（穆罕默德·本·扎耶德人工智能大学）
Glioblastoma is a common brain malignancy that tends to occur in older adults and is almost always lethal. The effectiveness of chemotherapy, being the standard treatment for most cancer types, can be improved if a particular genetic sequence in the tumor known as MGMT promoter is methylated. However, to identify the state of the MGMT promoter, the conventional approach is to perform a biopsy for genetic analysis, which is time and effort consuming. A couple of recent publications proposed a connection between the MGMT promoter state and the MRI scans of the tumor and hence suggested the use o…
Indian Statistical Institute（印度统计研究所）；University of Calcutta（加尔各答大学）；University of Genova（热那亚大学）
Glioma constitutes 80% of malignant primary brain tumors and is usually classified as HGG and LGG. The LGG tumors are less aggressive, with slower growth rate as compared to HGG, and are responsive to therapy. Tumor biopsy being challenging for brain tumor patients, noninvasive imaging techniques like Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) have been extensively employed in diagnosing brain tumors. Therefore automated systems for the detection and prediction of the grade of tumors based on MRI data becomes necessary for assisting doctors in the framework of augmented intelligence. In this paper, we t…
Automatic MRI brain tumor segmentation is of vital importance for the disease diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning. In this paper, we propose a two-stage encoder-decoder based model for brain tumor subregional segmentation. Variational autoencoder regularization is utilized in both stages to prevent the overfitting issue. The second-stage network adopts attention gates and is trained additionally using an expanded dataset formed by the first-stage outputs. On the BraTS 2020 validation dataset, the proposed method achieves the mean Dice score of 0.9041, 0.8350, and 0.7958, and Hausdorf…
