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arXiv 2207.09497cs.CRecon.TH
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网络安全中攻击者和防御者的经济学和最优投资策略

Economics and Optimal Investment Policies of Attackers and Defenders in Cybersecurity

Austin Ebel, Debasis Mitra

摘要:

在我们这个时代,网络安全已经成为国家和企业层面的一个重要话题。我们的论点是,经济前景和投资决策是决定斗争结果的重要因素。为了构建我们的经济框架,我们借鉴了Gordon和Loeb的开创性工作,其中Defender最佳地权衡了投资以降低其系统漏洞的可能性。我们的双边模型还有一个攻击者,假设是理性的,在决策中也受到经济考虑的指导,防御者对此做出反应。我们的模型是对冷战期间提出的美国武器部署模型的简化适应。我们的模型也可以被看作是一个Stackelberg游戏,从分析的角度来看,作为一个最大-最小的问题,其中的分析是众所周知的,必须与不连续的行为。我们的简单模型的复杂性根源于其固有的非线性,更重要的是,非凸的目标函数的优化。攻击者行动的可能性大大增加了防御者的风险,防御者理性的、风险中性的最优投资通常大大超过单边戈登-勒布模型预测的最优投资。我们得到了一个简洁的三种决策类型,分类所有的后卫的最佳投资决策。此外,防御者的最优决策表现出不连续的行为,其系统的初始脆弱性是不同的。分析是由大量的数字插图补充。我们的模型的结果为未来的工作开辟了几条主要途径。

英文摘要:

In our time cybersecurity has grown to be a topic of massive proportion at the national and enterprise levels. Our thesis is that the economic perspective and investment decision-making are vital factors in determining the outcome of the struggle. To build our economic framework, we borrow from the pioneering work of Gordon and Loeb in which the Defender optimally trades-off investments for lower likelihood of its system breach. Our two-sided model additionally has an Attacker, assumed to be rational and also guided by economic considerations in its decision-making, to which the Defender responds. Our model is a simplified adaptation of a model proposed during the Cold War for weapons deployment in the US. Our model may also be viewed as a Stackelberg game and, from an analytic perspective, as a Max-Min problem, the analysis of which is known to have to contend with discontinuous behavior. The complexity of our simple model is rooted in its inherent nonlinearity and, more consequentially, non-convexity of the objective function in the optimization. The possibilities of the Attacker's actions add substantially to the risk to the Defender, and the Defender's rational, risk-neutral optimal investments in general substantially exceed the optimal investments predicted by the one-sided Gordon-Loeb model. We obtain a succinct set of three decision types that categorize all of the Defender's optimal investment decisions. Also, the Defender's optimal decisions exhibit discontinuous behavior as the initial vulnerability of its system is varied. The analysis is supplemented by extensive numerical illustrations. The results from our model open several major avenues for future work.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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