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arXiv 2207.08196gr-qcastro-ph.CO
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再访膨胀宇宙中的引力轨道

Gravitational orbits in the expanding universe revisited

Vaclav Vavrycuk

摘要:

在膨胀宇宙中,修正的牛顿引力轨道方程表明,像星系和行星系统这样的局部引力束缚系统不受宇宙膨胀的影响。这个结果是在标准FLRW度量所描述的空间扩展的假设下得出的。本文应用另一种度规,导出了共形FLRW度规所描述的空间展开的修正牛顿方程。如Vavryčuk(Frontiers in Physics,2022)所示,这个度量是有利的,因为它正确地预测了宇宙的时间膨胀,并适合SNe Ia光度观测,而不需要引入暗能量。令人惊讶的是,基于共形FLRW度规的牛顿方程的行为完全不同于基于标准FLRW度规的牛顿方程。与通常认为局域系统抵抗空间膨胀的观点相反,共形度规的结果表明,所有局域系统都按照哈勃流膨胀。以旋涡星系的数值模拟为例,说明了局域系统随宇宙时间的演化。螺旋星系的大小与观测一致,并且典型的螺旋图案得到了很好的再现。该理论预测了平坦的旋转曲线,而没有假设星系周围有暗物质。该理论解决了对$Λ$ CDM模型的挑战,如暗卫星星系问题,重子Tully-Fisher关系或径向加速度关系。此外,太阳系中的谜题也得到了成功的解释,如先驱者异常、年轻太阳的微弱悖论、月球和泰坦的轨道异常或古代火星上存在河流。

英文摘要:

Modified Newtonian equations for gravitational orbits in the expanding universe indicate that local gravitationally bounded systems like galaxies and planetary systems are unaffected by the expansion of the Universe. This result is derived under the assumption of the space expansion described by the standard FLRW metric. In this paper, an alternative metric is applied and the modified Newtonian equations are derived for the space expansion described by the conformal FLRW metric. As shown by Vavryčuk (Frontiers in Physics, 2022), this metric is advantageous, because it properly predicts the cosmic time dilation and fits the SNe Ia luminosity observations with no need to introduce dark energy. Surprisingly, the Newtonian equations based on the conformal FLRW metric behave quite differently than those based on the standard FLRW metric. In contrast to the common opinion that local systems resist the space expansion, the results for the conformal metric indicate that all local systems expand according to the Hubble flow. The evolution of the local systems with cosmic time is exemplified on numerical modelling of spiral galaxies. The size of the spiral galaxies grows consistently with observations and a typical spiral pattern is well reproduced. The theory predicts flat rotation curves without an assumption of dark matter surrounding the galaxy. The theory resolves challenges to the $Λ$CDM model such as the problem of faint satellite galaxies, baryonic Tully-Fisher relation or the radial acceleration relation. Furthermore, puzzles in the solar system are successfully explained such as the Pioneer anomaly, the Faint young Sun paradox, the Moon's and Titan's orbit anomalies or the presence of rivers on ancient Mars.

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