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arXiv 2206.04522astro-ph.GA
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局域群Hestia模拟中的恒星晕 II. 吸积成分

The stellar halo in Local Group Hestia simulations II. The accreted component

Sergey Khoperskov, Ivan Minchev, Noam Libeskind, Misha Haywood, Paola Di Matteo, Vasily Belokurov, Matthias Steinmetz, Facundo A. Gomez, Robert J. J. Grand, Yeh… 展开作者

Sergey Khoperskov, Ivan Minchev, Noam Libeskind, Misha Haywood, Paola Di Matteo, Vasily Belokurov, Matthias Steinmetz, Facundo A. Gomez, Robert J. J. Grand, Yehuda Hoffman, Alexander Knebe, Jenny G. Sorce, Martin Sparre, Elmo Tempel, Mark Vogelsberger

AI总结:

本文利用HESTIA模拟的六个局域群星系类似物,系统分析了吸积恒星在相空间和作用量空间中的分布特征,揭示了并合遗迹的年龄梯度、类Gaia-Sausage结构,并提出Jz/Jr-偏心率运动学空间以更好区分不同并合碎片与原生恒星。

摘要:

在银河系中,对其并合历史探索的最新进展得益于Gaia提供的海量高质量数据,这些数据揭示了若干可能与多次古代吸积事件相关的子结构。本工作旨在探索吸积恒星的相空间结构,我们分析了来自局域群宇宙学流体动力学缩放模拟HESTIA套件中的六个M31/银河系类似物。我们发现所有HESTIA星系都经历了几十次并合,但只有1-4次并合的恒星质量比大于0.2,其中,取决于晕的定义,最大规模的并合贡献了总恒星晕的20%到70%。单个并合遗迹在z=0时展现出多样的密度分布,在E-Lz、U-V和R-Vφ坐标中彼此之间以及与原生恒星显著重叠。由于星系质量增长和势的非轴对称性,并合碎片在E-Lz中的位置往往随时间变化。与先前工作一致,我们表明即使是单个并合碎片也展现出若干独特的E-Lz特征。在U-V平面中,所有HESTIA星系都显示出径向热、不旋转或弱反向旋转的、类似Gaia-Sausage的特征。我们发现单个碎片在E-Lz空间中存在年龄梯度,其中最年轻的恒星形成于吸积系统的内部区域,沉积到宿主星系的最内部区域。这些恒星的主体形成于吸积的最后阶段,从而使得确定并合时间成为可能。在作用量空间(Jr, Jz, Jφ)中,并合碎片并不表现为孤立的子结构,而是散布在较大的参数区域内并与原生恒星重叠。我们还引入了一个纯运动学空间(Jz/Jr-偏心率),在该空间中不同的并合碎片可以更好地彼此区分并与原生恒星区分开来。

英文摘要:

In the Milky Way, recent progress in the exploration of its assembly history is driven by the tremendous amount of high-quality data delivered by Gaia, which has revealed a number of substructures potentially linked to several ancient accretion events. In this work, aiming to explore the phase-space structure of accreted stars, we analyze six M31/MW analogues from the HESTIA suite of cosmological hydrodynamics zoom-in simulations of the Local Group. We found that all the HESTIA galaxies experience a few dozen mergers but only 1-4 mergers have the stellar mass ratio >0.2 where, depending on the halo definition, the most massive merger contributes from 20% to 70% of the total stellar halo. Individual merger remnants show diverse density distributions at z=0, significantly overlapping with each other and with the in-situ stars in the ELz, UV and RVphi coordinates. The mergers debris often change their position in the ELz with time due to the galactic mass growth and the non-axisymmetry of the potential. In agreement with previous works, we show that even individual merger debris exhibit a number of distinct ELz features. In the UV plane, all HESTIA galaxies reveal radially hot, non-rotating or weakly counter-rotating, Gaia-Sausage-like features. We found an age gradient in Elz space for the individual debris, where the youngest stars, formed in the inner regions of accreting systems, deposit to the innermost regions of the host. The bulk of these stars is being formed during the last stages of accretion, making it possible to date the merger. In actions space (Jr, Jz, Jϕ), the mergers debris do not appear as isolated substructures but are instead scattered over a large parameters area and overlapping with the in-situ stars. We also introduce a purely kinematic space (Jz/Jr-eccentricity), where different merger debris can be disentangled better from each other and from the in-situ stars.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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