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arXiv 2104.08185astro-ph.GA
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利用Action空间聚类约束类镓团Milky Way的吸积历史

Using Action Space Clustering to Constrain the Accretion History of Milky Way like Galaxies

Youjia Wu, Monica Valluri, Nondh Panithanpaisal, Robyn E. Sanderson, Katherine Freese, Andrew Wetzel, Sanjib Sharma

摘要:

在目前流行的宇宙学范式中,星系是通过大量卫星星系的吸积而分层形成的。由于卫星的质量比主晕小得多,它们只占主晕势能所定义的作用空间的一小部分。由于行动是保守的主机晕的潜力变化时,吸积卫星的恒星预计将保持集群在行动空间的主机晕的演变。在本文中,我们识别吸积卫星星系的三个银河系类盘星系的宇宙学重子FIRE-2模拟通过跟踪卫星星系通过模拟快照。然后,我们试图恢复这些卫星通过应用聚类分析算法Enlink的吸积恒星粒子的轨道行动,在当今的快照。我们定义了几个指标来量化聚类算法的成功,并使用这些指标来识别恢复良好和恢复不良的卫星。我们将这些卫星分布在落星时间-祖星质量(或恒星质量)空间中,并利用分类树方法确定了这两个空间中恢复良好和恢复不良卫星的边界。Enlink发现的组更有可能对应于一个真正的卫星,如果它们具有高的重要性,Enlink分配的数量。由于宇宙学模拟预测,大多数恒星晕有人口的原位恒星,我们测试的Enlink恢复卫星的能力时,样品被污染的10 - 50%的原位恒星粒子,并表明,大多数卫星恢复良好的Enlink在没有原位恒星,保持良好的恢复,即使有50%的污染。因此,我们预计,在未来,在行动空间的聚类分析将是有用的,在即将到来的数据集(如盖亚),以确定在银河系中的吸积卫星。

英文摘要:

In the currently favored cosmological paradigm galaxies form hierarchically through the accretion of numerous satellite galaxies. Since the satellites are much less massive than the host halo, they occupy a small fraction of the volume in action space defined by the potential of the host halo. Since actions are conserved when the potential of the host halo changes adiabatically, stars from an accreted satellite are expected to remain clustered in action space as the host halo evolves. In this paper, we identify accreted satellites in three Milky Way like disk galaxies from the cosmological baryonic FIRE-2 simulations by tracking satellite galaxies through simulation snapshots. We then try to recover these satellites by applying the cluster analysis algorithm Enlink to the orbital actions of accreted star particles in the present-day snapshot. We define several metrics to quantify the success of the clustering algorithm and use these metrics to identify well-recovered and poorly-recovered satellites. We plot these satellites in the infall time-progenitor mass (or stellar mass) space, and determine the boundaries between the well-recovered and poorly-recovered satellites in these two spaces with classification tree method. The groups found by Enlink are more likely to correspond to a real satellite if they have high significance, a quantity assigned by Enlink. Since cosmological simulations predict that most stellar halos have a population of insitu stars, we test the ability of Enlink to recover satellites when the sample is contaminated by 10-50% of insitu star particles, and show that most of the satellites well-recovered by Enlink in the absence of insitu stars, stay well-recovered even with 50% contamination. We thus expect that, in the future, cluster analysis in action space will be useful in upcoming data sets (e.g. Gaia) for identifying accreted satellites in the Milky Way.

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