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arXiv 1801.03099astro-ph.GA
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用宇宙学模拟方法预测Milky Way的双星黑洞布居

Predicting the binary black hole population of the Milky Way with cosmological simulations

Astrid Lamberts, Shea Garrison-Kimmel, Philip Hopkins, Eliot Quataert, James Bullock, Claude-André Faucher-Giguère, Andrew Wetzel, Dusan Keres, Kaliden Drango, Robyn Sanderson

摘要:

双星黑洞是大质量恒星演化的主要终点。它们的性质提供了一个独特的机会来限制二元进化,这仍然是知之甚少。本文预测了银河系中/周围双星黑洞及其合并产物的清单,并详细描述了它们的主要性质。我们提出了一个高分辨率的银河系质量的星系与二进制人口合成模型的宇宙学模拟的第一个组合。来自FIRE项目的流体动力学模拟为银河系及其恒星晕和卫星提供了宇宙学上真实的恒星形成历史。我们应用一个依赖于金属性的演化模型的恒星粒子产生个别的二元黑洞。我们发现,一百万个双黑洞已经合并在模型银河系,和300万个双星仍然存在,与平均质量为28 Msun每双星。由于黑洞的祖先偏向于低金属量的恒星,一半的双星存在于恒星晕和卫星中,40%的双星形成于主星系之外。这种趋势随着黑洞质量的增加而增加。合并系统的数量和质量分布与LIGO/Virgo探测兼容。对这些黑洞的观测将是具有挑战性的,无论是用电磁方法还是LISA。我们发现,一个宇宙学上现实的恒星形成的历史,自洽的金属富集和银河系吸积的历史,是确定二进制黑洞率,可以与观测约束大规模的二进制演化的关键成分。

英文摘要:

Binary black holes are the primary endpoint of massive stellar evolution. Their properties provide a unique opportunity to constrain binary evolution, which is still poorly understood. In this paper, we predict the inventory of binary black holes and their merger products in/around the Milky Way, and detail their main properties. We present the first combination of a high-resolution cosmological simulation of a Milky Way-mass galaxy with a binary population synthesis model. The hydrodynamic simulation, taken from the FIRE project, provides a cosmologically realistic star formation history for the galaxy and its stellar halo and satellites. We apply a metallicity-dependent evolutionary model to the star particles to produce individual binary black holes. We find that a million binary black holes have merged in the model Milky Way, and 3 million binaries are still present, with an average mass of 28 Msun per binary. Because the black hole progenitors are biased towards low metallicity stars, half reside in the stellar halo and satellites and 40 per cent of the binaries were formed outside the main galaxy. This trend increases with the masses of the black holes. The numbers and mass distribution of the merged systems is compatible with the LIGO/Virgo detections. Observations of these black holes will be challenging, both with electromagnetic methods and LISA. We find that a cosmologically realistic star formation history, with self-consistent metal enrichment and Galactic accretion history, are key ingredients for determining binary black hole rates that can be compared with observations to constrain massive binary evolution.

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