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arXiv 2101.01360astro-ph.GA
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用高斯混合模型划分星系晕

Partitioning the Galactic Halo with Gaussian Mixture Models

Xilong Liang, Yuqin Chen, Jingkun Zhao, Gang Zhao

摘要:

星系晕被认为是与附近的矮星系合并形成的。为了探测星系晕的不同组成部分,我们应用高斯混合模型方法对APOGEE DR 16星表中的贫金属恒星进行了研究,这些贫金属恒星的[Fe/H] $< -0.7$ dex是基于金属丰度、[Mg/Fe]比和空间速度(\textit{$V_R$, $V_ϕ$})四个参数的。九组被确定与四个从光环通过分析它们在星系中的分布,我们将它们分为三个星系群:厚盘星系群(1、3、4和5)、薄盘星系群(8)和矮星系群(7)。([M/H],[Mg/Fe]),($V_R$,$V_ϕ$),(\textit{Zmax},\textit{eccentricity}),(\textit{Energy},\textit{Lz})和([Mg/Mn],[Al/Fe])坐标。其余两组分别由观测效应(第9组)和薄盘与厚盘之间的截面分量(第2组)引起。结果表明,在极外层吸积晕(第1组)中,银河系中诞生的恒星无论从化学还是运动学上都不能与其他星系中吸积的恒星区分开来。在$-$ 1.6 $<$ [Fe/H] $< -0.7$ dex的中间金属丰度中,吸积晕主要由Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage亚结构(第5组)组成,在化学和运动学空间上都可以很容易地与第4组(原地晕组)区分开来。一些第4族的恒星可能来自于盘状星系,而一些盘状星系的恒星可能会被共振效应散射到高轨道,如\textit{Zmax}与能量坐标所示。我们还发现晕主要成分的空间分布和吸积成分的比例与银河系半径没有明显的关系。

英文摘要:

The Galactic halo is supposed to form from merging with nearby dwarf galaxies. In order to probe different components of the Galactic halo, we have applied the Gaussian Mixture Models method to a selected sample of metal poor stars with [Fe/H] $< -0.7$ dex in the APOGEE DR16 catalogue based on four-parameters, metallicity, [Mg/Fe] ratio and spatial velocity (\textit{$V_R$, $V_ϕ$}). Nine groups are identified with four from the halo (group 1, 3, 4 and 5), one from the thick disk (group 6), one from the thin disk (group 8) and one from dwarf galaxies (group 7) by analyzing their distributions in the ([M/H], [Mg/Fe]), ($V_R$, $V_ϕ$), (\textit{Zmax}, \textit{eccentricity}), (\textit{Energy}, \textit{Lz}) and ([Mg/Mn], [Al/Fe]) coordinates. The rest two groups are respectively caused by observational effect (group 9) and the cross section component (group 2) between the thin disk and the thick disk. It is found that in the extremely outer accreted halo (group 1), stars born in the Milky Way can not be distinguished from those accreted from other galaxies either chemically or kinematically. In the intermediate metallicity of $-$1.6 $<$ [Fe/H] $< -0.7$ dex, the accreted halo mainly composed of the Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage substructure (group 5), which can be easily distinguished from group 4 (the in-situ halo group) in both chemical and kinematic space. Some stars of group 4 may come from the disk and some disk stars can be scattered to high orbits by resonant effects as shown in the \textit{Zmax} versus Energy coordinate. We also displayed the spatial distribution of main components of the halo and the ratio of accreted components do not show clear relation to Galactic radius.

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