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arXiv 2104.08394astro-ph.GA
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我们太阳附近的新族:应用高斯混合模型对Milky Way和模拟中的结构进行客观分类

New families in our Solar neighborhood: applying Gaussian Mixture models for objective classification of structures in the Milky Way and in simulations

Farnik Nikakhtar, Robyn E. Sanderson, Andrew Wetzel, Sarah Loebman, Sanjib Sharma, Rachael Beaton, J. Ted Mackereth, Vijith Jacob Poovelil, Gail Zasowski, Ana B… 展开作者

Farnik Nikakhtar, Robyn E. Sanderson, Andrew Wetzel, Sarah Loebman, Sanjib Sharma, Rachael Beaton, J. Ted Mackereth, Vijith Jacob Poovelil, Gail Zasowski, Ana Bonaca, Sarah Martell, Henrik Jonsson, Claude-Andre Faucher-Giguere

摘要:

星系形成的标准图象促使银河系分解成3- 4个恒星星族,它们具有不同的运动学和元素丰度分布:薄盘、厚盘、凸起和恒星晕。为了测试这个想法,我们使用测量的速度和铁丰度(即,一个增广的Toomre图)作为要分解的分布。我们比较结果的盖亚-APOGEE DR 16交叉匹配目录的太阳附近的那些从一套合成的盖亚-APOGEE交叉匹配构建的银河系质量的星系的宇宙学模拟火灾。我们发现,在合成和真实的数据,最适合的GMM使用五个独立的组件,其属性类似于标准人口预测的星系形成理论。两个组成部分可以明确地确定为薄盘和另一个作为晕。然而,与厚盘的对应物不同,有三个具有不同年龄和α丰度分布的中间组分(尽管这些数据不用于构建模型)。我们使用的合成数据的分解表明,分类组件确实对应于不同起源的恒星。通过与模拟数据类比,我们表明,我们的真实Gaia-APOGEE交叉配型的混合模型区分了以下组分:(1)圆形轨道上年轻恒星的经典薄盘(46%),(2)通过与卫星相互作用加热的薄盘恒星(22%),(3,4)代表α增强厚盘速度不对称性的两个分量(27%),(5)与早期大规模吸积相一致的恒星晕(4%)。

英文摘要:

The standard picture of galaxy formation motivates the decomposition of the Milky Way into 3--4 stellar populations with distinct kinematic and elemental abundance distributions: the thin disk, thick disk, bulge, and stellar halo. To test this idea, we construct a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for both simulated and observed stars in the Solar neighborhood, using measured velocities and iron abundances (i.e., an augmented Toomre diagram) as the distributions to be decomposed. We compare results for the Gaia-APOGEE DR16 crossmatch catalog of the Solar neighborhood with those from a suite of synthetic Gaia-APOGEE crossmatches constructed from FIRE-2 cosmological simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies. We find that in both the synthetic and real data, the best-fit GMM uses five independent components, some of whose properties resemble the standard populations predicted by galaxy formation theory. Two components can be identified unambiguously as the thin disk and another as the halo. However, instead of a single counterpart to the thick disk, there are three intermediate components with different age and alpha abundance distributions (although these data are not used to construct the model). We use decompositions of the synthetic data to show that the classified components indeed correspond to stars with different origins. By analogy with the simulated data, we show that our mixture model of the real Gaia-APOGEE crossmatch distinguishes the following components: (1) a classic thin disk of young stars on circular orbits (46%), (2) thin disk stars heated by interactions with satellites (22%), (3, 4) two components representing the velocity asymmetry of the alpha-enhanced thick disk (27%), and (5) a stellar halo consistent with early, massive accretion (4%).

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