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arXiv 2205.07136physics.chem-ph
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基于系综密度泛函的极端极限电子激发态

Electronic excited states in extreme limits via ensemble density functionals

Tim Gould, Derk P. Kooi, Paola Gori-Giorgi, Stefano Pittalis

摘要:

密度泛函理论(DFT)通过用基于高密度和低密度极限的典范物理模型取代难以处理的{ \em ab initio}计算,极大地扩展了我们计算和理解电子基态的能力。但是,激发态的类似处理落后了。在这里,我们解决了这个突出的问题,采用广义的密度泛函理论系综态(EDFT)。因此,我们解决所有电子系统的强(低密度)和弱(高密度)相关制度的重要范例的情况下。我们表明,高密度极限连接到最近,精确可解的EDFT结果。低密度极限揭示了一个未被注意和最意想不到的结果--严格关联的{ \em基态}的密度泛函可以{ \em直接}用于激发态。对激发结构的非平凡依赖仅在第三前导阶出现。总的来说,我们的研究结果提供了有效的激发态模型的基础,精确的低密度和高密度的限制之间的插值,我们说明的情况下,在H $_2$和一个环的量子阱的单线态激发。

英文摘要:

Density functional theory (DFT) has greatly expanded our ability to affordably compute and understand electronic ground states, by replacing intractable {\em ab initio} calculations by models based on paradigmatic physics from high- and low-density limits. But, a comparable treatment of excited states lags behind. Here, we solve this outstanding problem by employing a generalization of density functional theory to ensemble states (EDFT). We thus address important paradigmatic cases of all electronic systems in strongly (low-density) and weakly (high-density) correlated regimes. We show that the high-density limit connects to recent, exactly-solvable EDFT results. The low-density limit reveals an unnoticed and most unexpected result -- density functionals for strictly correlated {\em ground} states can be reused {\em directly} for excited states. Non-trivial dependence on excitation structure only shows up at third leading order. Overall, our results provide foundations for effective models of excited states that interpolate between exact low- and high-density limits, which we illustrate on the cases of singlet-singlet excitations in H$_2$ and a ring of quantum wells.

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