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arXiv 2205.01166cs.CYcs.AI
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人工不变性理论:反歧视法下的反歧视群体保护

The Theory of Artificial Immutability: Protecting Algorithmic Groups Under Anti-Discrimination Law

University of Oxford(牛津大学)

Sandra Wachter

摘要:

人工智能(AI)越来越多地用于做出有关人的重要决策。虽然人工智能偏见和代理歧视的问题得到了很好的探讨,但人们对基于不与受法律保护的群体(如性别或种族)相关联或不与之相关联的群体进行特征分析所造成的伤害关注较少。这就提出了一个问题:现有的平等法律是否能够防止人工智能驱动的不平等?本文探讨了算法团体在北美和欧洲非歧视原则、法律和判例中的法律地位,并将表明算法团体与传统的受保护团体不可相提并论。然而,这些新的群体值得保护。我提出了一种新的伤害理论--“人工不变性理论”--旨在将人工智能团体纳入法律范围。我的理论描述了算法群体如何在实践中充当事实上不可改变的特征,限制人们的自主权并阻止他们实现重要目标。

英文摘要:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used to make important decisions about people. While issues of AI bias and proxy discrimination are well explored, less focus has been paid to the harms created by profiling based on groups that do not map to or correlate with legally protected groups such as sex or ethnicity. This raises a question: are existing equality laws able to protect against emergent AI-driven inequality? This article examines the legal status of algorithmic groups in North American and European non-discrimination doctrine, law, and jurisprudence and will show that algorithmic groups are not comparable to traditional protected groups. Nonetheless, these new groups are worthy of protection. I propose a new theory of harm - "the theory of artificial immutability" - that aims to bring AI groups within the scope of the law. My theory describes how algorithmic groups act as de facto immutable characteristics in practice that limit people's autonomy and prevent them from achieving important goals.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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