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动力学量子柴郡猫是可检测的吗？

Is the dynamical quantum Cheshire cat detectable?

Jonte R. Hance, James Ladyman, John Rarity

备注：
11 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication at New Journal of Physics, matches accepted version
发表信息：
New J. Phys. 26 073038 (2024)
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AI总结：

本文探讨了如何检测Aharonov等人提出的动力学量子柴郡猫，提出通过添加正交态微小概率振幅偏置初始态以提供相位参考，从而在互无偏基中测量微小概率差异，并建议了光学偏振实验验证。

摘要：

我们探讨了如何检测由Aharonov等人提出的动力学量子柴郡猫。我们表明，在实践中，我们需要通过增加/减去正交态的微小概率振幅（“场”）来偏置初始态，该正交态与 disembodied property 一起传播，以使该效应变得可检测（即如果我们的初始态是 $|\uparrow_z\rangle$，我们需要用少量的 $δ$ 态 $|\downarrow_z\rangle$ 对其进行偏置）。这种偏置可以直接进行，也可以通过将状态与指针弱纠缠来进行，它有效地提供了一个相位参考，借此我们可以测量状态的演化。然后，可以在互 unbiased basis 的检测结果中将结果测量为微小的概率差异，该差异与该偏置 $δ$ 成正比。我们表明，这与反事实通信不同，后者可证明不需要任何探针场在发送者Bob和接收者Alice之间传播即可进行通信。我们进一步建议了一项光学偏振实验，这些现象可能会在实验室中得到证明。

英文摘要：

We explore how one might detect the dynamical quantum Cheshire cat proposed by Aharonov et al. We show that, in practice, we need to bias the initial state by adding/subtracting a small probability amplitude (`field') of the orthogonal state, which travels with the disembodied property, to make the effect detectable (i.e. if our initial state is $|\uparrow_z\rangle$, we need to bias this with some small amount $δ$ of state $|\downarrow_z\rangle$). This biasing, which can be done either directly or via weakly entangling the state with a pointer, effectively provides a phase reference with which we can measure the evolution of the state. The outcome can then be measured as a small probability difference in detections in a mutually unbiased basis, proportional to this biasing $δ$. We show this is different from counterfactual communication, which provably does not require any probe field to travel between sender Bob and receiver Alice for communication. We further suggest an optical polarisation experiment where these phenomena might be demonstrated in a laboratory.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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