Coarse-to-Fine Cascaded Networks with Smooth Predicting for Video Facial Expression Recognition
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Institute of Deep Learning, Baidu Research（百度研究院深度学习研究所）；National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Learning Technology and Application（深度学习技术及应用国家工程实验室）
Facial expression recognition plays an important role in human-computer interaction. In this paper, we propose the Coarse-to-Fine Cascaded network with Smooth Predicting (CFC-SP) to improve the performance of facial expression recognition. CFC-SP contains two core components, namely Coarse-to-Fine Cascaded networks (CFC) and Smooth Predicting (SP). For CFC, it first groups several similar emotions to form a rough category, and then employs a network to conduct a coarse but accurate classification. Later, an additional network for these grouped emotions is further used to obtain fine-grained predictions. For SP, it improves the recognition capability of the model by capturing both universal and unique expression features. To be specific, the universal features denote the general characteristic of facial emotions within a period and the unique features denote the specific characteristic at this moment. Experiments on Aff-Wild2 show the effectiveness of the proposed CFSP. We achieved 3rd place in the Expression Classification Challenge of the 3rd Competition on Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild. The code will be released at https://github.com/BR-IDL/PaddleViT.
Bar-Ilan University（巴伊兰大学）；Roma Tre University（罗马第三大学）
The accurate localization of facial landmarks is at the core of face analysis tasks, such as face recognition and facial expression analysis, to name a few. In this work, we propose a novel localization approach based on a deep learning architecture that utilizes cascaded subnetworks with convolutional neural network units. The cascaded units of the first subnetwork estimate heatmap-based encodings of the landmarks locations, while the cascaded units of the second subnetwork receive as input the output of the corresponding heatmap estimation units, and refine them through regression. The propo…
Facial landmark localization is a fundamental module for pose-invariant face recognition. The most common approach for facial landmark detection is cascaded regression, which is composed of two steps: feature extraction and facial shape regression. Recent methods employ deep convolutional networks to extract robust features for each step, while the whole system could be regarded as a deep cascaded regression architecture. In this work, instead of employing a deep regression network, a Globally Optimized Dual-Pathway (GoDP) deep architecture is proposed to identify the target pixels through sol…
Xiamen University（厦门大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Xiamen University of Technology（厦门理工学院）
Most existing compound facial expression recognition (FER) methods rely on large-scale labeled compound expression data for training. However, collecting such data is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this paper, we address the compound FER task in the cross-domain few-shot learning (FSL) setting, which requires only a few samples of compound expressions in the target domain. Specifically, we propose a novel cascaded decomposition network (CDNet), which cascades several learn-to-decompose modules with shared parameters based on a sequential decomposition mechanism, to obtain a transferabl…
Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）
Facial landmark localization plays a critical role in face recognition and analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel cascaded backbone-branches fully convolutional neural network~(BB-FCN) for rapidly and accurately localizing facial landmarks in unconstrained and cluttered settings. Our proposed BB-FCN generates facial landmark response maps directly from raw images without any preprocessing. BB-FCN follows a coarse-to-fine cascaded pipeline, which consists of a backbone network for roughly detecting the locations of all facial landmarks and one branch network for each type of detected landm…
Indian Institute of Information Technology, Lucknow（印度信息技术学院，勒克瑙）；Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad（印度信息技术学院，安拉阿巴德）
Feature description is one of the most frequently studied areas in the expert systems and machine learning. Effective encoding of the images is an essential requirement for accurate matching. These encoding schemes play a significant role in recognition and retrieval systems. Facial recognition systems should be effective enough to accurately recognize individuals under intrinsic and extrinsic variations of the system. The templates or descriptors used in these systems encode spatial relationships of the pixels in the local neighbourhood of an image. Features encoded using these hand crafted d…
Facial landmark localization plays an important role in face recognition and analysis applications. In this paper, we give a brief introduction to a coarse-to-fine pipeline with neural networks and sequential regression. First, a global convolutional network is applied to the holistic facial image to give an initial landmark prediction. A pyramid of multi-scale local image patches is then cropped to feed to a new network for each landmark to refine the prediction. As the refinement network outputs a more accurate position estimation than the input, such procedure could be repeated several time…
Samsung R&D Institute China Xi’an (SRCX)（三星中国西安研发中心（SRCX））；Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT)（三星先进技术研究院（SAIT））
Accurate facial landmarks are essential prerequisites for many tasks related to human faces. In this paper, an accurate facial landmark detector is proposed based on cascaded transformers. We formulate facial landmark detection as a coordinate regression task such that the model can be trained end-to-end. With self-attention in transformers, our model can inherently exploit the structured relationships between landmarks, which would benefit landmark detection under challenging conditions such as large pose and occlusion. During cascaded refinement, our model is able to extract the most relevan…
This paper proposes a deep leaning method to address the challenging facial attractiveness prediction problem. The method constructs a convolutional neural network of facial beauty prediction using a new deep cascaded fine-turning scheme with various face inputting channels, such as the original RGB face image, the detail layer image, and the lighting layer image. With a carefully designed CNN model of deep structure, large input size and small convolutional kernels, we have achieved a high prediction correlation of 0.88. This result convinces us that the problem of facial attractiveness predi…
Xiamen University（厦门大学）；Xiamen University of Technology（厦门理工学院）
Recently, facial attribute classification (FAC) has attracted significant attention in the computer vision community. Great progress has been made along with the availability of challenging FAC datasets. However, conventional FAC methods usually firstly pre-process the input images (i.e., perform face detection and alignment) and then predict facial attributes. These methods ignore the inherent dependencies among these tasks (i.e., face detection, facial landmark localization and FAC). Moreover, some methods using convolutional neural network are trained based on the fixed loss weights without…
University of Surrey（萨里大学）；Jiangnan University（江南大学）
We present a new Cascaded Shape Regression (CSR) architecture, namely Dynamic Attention-Controlled CSR (DAC-CSR), for robust facial landmark detection on unconstrained faces. Our DAC-CSR divides facial landmark detection into three cascaded sub-tasks: face bounding box refinement, general CSR and attention-controlled CSR. The first two stages refine initial face bounding boxes and output intermediate facial landmarks. Then, an online dynamic model selection method is used to choose appropriate domain-specific CSRs for further landmark refinement. The key innovation of our DAC-CSR is the fault-…
Ocean University of China（中国海洋大学）；University of Portsmouth（朴茨茅斯大学）
We propose to learn a cascade of globally-optimized modular boosted ferns (GoMBF) to solve multi-modal facial motion regression for real-time 3D facial tracking from a monocular RGB camera. GoMBF is a deep composition of multiple regression models with each is a boosted ferns initially trained to predict partial motion parameters of the same modality, and then concatenated together via a global optimization step to form a singular strong boosted ferns that can effectively handle the whole regression target. It can explicitly cope with the modality variety in output variables, while manifesting…
A New Method in Facial Registration in Clinics Based on Structure Light Images
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College（中国医学科学院北京协和医学院生物医学工程研究所）；Capital Medical University Xuanwu Hospital（首都医科大学宣武医院）；Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College（中国医学科学院北京协和医学院放射医学研究所）
This paper proposes a novel model fitting algorithm for 3D facial expression reconstruction from a single image. Face expression reconstruction from a single image is a challenging task in computer vision. Most state-of-the-art methods fit the input image to a 3D Morphable Model (3DMM). These methods need to solve a stochastic problem and cannot deal with expression and pose variations. To solve this problem, we adopt a 3D face expression model and use a combined feature which is robust to scale, rotation and different lighting conditions. The proposed method applies a cascaded regression fram…
Studies have proven that domain bias and label bias exist in different Facial Expression Recognition (FER) datasets, making it hard to improve the performance of a specific dataset by adding other datasets. For the FER bias issue, recent researches mainly focus on the cross-domain issue with advanced domain adaption algorithms. This paper addresses another problem: how to boost FER performance by leveraging cross-domain datasets. Unlike the coarse and biased expression label, the facial Action Unit (AU) is fine-grained and objective suggested by psychological studies. Motivated by this, we res…
École de technologie supérieure（高等技术学院）；Concordia University（康考迪亚大学）
Training deep learning models for accurate spatiotemporal recognition of facial expressions in videos requires significant computational resources. For practical reasons, 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3D CNNs) are usually trained with relatively short clips randomly extracted from videos. However, such uniform sampling is generally sub-optimal because equal importance is assigned to each temporal clip. In this paper, we present a strategy for efficient video-based training of 3D CNNs. It relies on softmax temporal pooling and a weighted sampling mechanism to select the most relevant traini…
Deep models have achieved impressive performance for face hallucination tasks. However, we observe that directly feeding the hallucinated facial images into recog- nition models can even degrade the recognition performance despite the much better visualization quality. In this paper, we address this problem by jointly learning a deep model for two tasks, i.e. face hallucination and recognition. In particular, we design an end-to-end deep convolution network with hallucination sub-network cascaded by recognition sub-network. The recognition sub- network are responsible for producing discriminat…
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Microsoft Research Asia（微软亚洲研究院）
Cascaded Regression (CR) based methods have been proposed to solve facial landmarks detection problem, which learn a series of descent directions by multiple cascaded regressors separately trained in coarse and fine stages. They outperform the traditional gradient descent based methods in both accuracy and running speed. However, cascaded regression is not robust enough because each regressor's training data comes from the output of previous regressor. Moreover, training multiple regressors requires lots of computing resources, especially for deep learning based methods. In this paper, we deve…
Deep networks are nowadays becoming popular in many computer vision and pattern recognition tasks. Among these networks, deep kernels are particularly interesting and effective, however, their computational complexity is a major issue especially on cheap hardware resources. In this paper, we address the issue of efficient computation in deep kernel networks. We propose a novel framework that reduces dramatically the complexity of evaluating these deep kernels. Our method is based on a coarse-to-fine cascade of networks designed for efficient computation; early stages of the cascade are cheap a…
Deformable image registration is widely utilized in medical image analysis, but most proposed methods fail in the situation of complex deformations. In this paper, we pre-sent a cascaded feature warping network to perform the coarse-to-fine registration. To achieve this, a shared-weights encoder network is adopted to generate the feature pyramids for the unaligned images. The feature warping registration module is then used to estimate the deformation field at each level. The coarse-to-fine manner is implemented by cascading the module from the bottom level to the top level. Furthermore, the m…
Large pose variations remain to be a challenge that confronts real-word face detection. We propose a new cascaded Convolutional Neural Network, dubbed the name Supervised Transformer Network, to address this challenge. The first stage is a multi-task Region Proposal Network (RPN), which simultaneously predicts candidate face regions along with associated facial landmarks. The candidate regions are then warped by mapping the detected facial landmarks to their canonical positions to better normalize the face patterns. The second stage, which is a RCNN, then verifies if the warped candidate regio…
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering（卢布尔雅那大学电气工程学院）；University of Notre Dame, Department of Computer Science and Engineering（圣母大学计算机科学与工程系）
In this paper we address the problem of hallucinating high-resolution facial images from unaligned low-resolution inputs at high magnification factors. We approach the problem with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and propose a novel (deep) face hallucination model that incorporates identity priors into the learning procedure. The model consists of two main parts: i) a cascaded super-resolution network that upscales the low-resolution images, and ii) an ensemble of face recognition models that act as identity priors for the super-resolution network during training. Different from competing…
Samsung Semiconductor Israel R&D Center (SIRC)（三星半导体以色列研发中心（SIRC））；Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University（巴伊兰大学工程学院）
Facial landmarks (FLM) estimation is a critical component in many face-related applications. In this work, we aim to optimize for both accuracy and speed and explore the trade-off between them. Our key observation is that not all faces are created equal. Frontal faces with neutral expressions converge faster than faces with extreme poses or expressions. To differentiate among samples, we train our model to predict the regression error after each iteration. If the current iteration is accurate enough, we stop iterating, saving redundant iterations while keeping the accuracy in check. We also ob…
Point cloud upsampling focuses on generating a dense, uniform and proximity-to-surface point set. Most previous approaches accomplish these objectives by carefully designing a single-stage network, which makes it still challenging to generate a high-fidelity point distribution. Instead, upsampling point cloud in a coarse-to-fine manner is a decent solution. However, existing coarse-to-fine upsampling methods require extra training strategies, which are complicated and time-consuming during the training. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective cascaded refinement network, consisting of…
To dynamically detect the facial landmarks in the video, we propose a novel hybrid framework termed as detection-tracking-detection (DTD). First, the face bounding box is achieved from the first frame of the video sequence based on a traditional face detection method. Then, a landmark detector detects the facial landmarks, which is based on a cascaded deep convolution neural network (DCNN). Next, the face bounding box in the current frame is estimated and validated after the facial landmarks in the previous frame are tracked based on the median flow. Finally, the facial landmarks in the curren…
Southeast University（东南大学）；University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute（澳大利亚人工智能研究所）；Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)（新加坡科技研究局）；Institute of High Performance Computing（高性能计算研究所）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）
Obtaining a high-quality frontal face image from a low-resolution (LR) non-frontal face image is primarily important for many facial analysis applications. However, mainstreams either focus on super-resolving near-frontal LR faces or frontalizing non-frontal high-resolution (HR) faces. It is desirable to perform both tasks seamlessly for daily-life unconstrained face images. In this paper, we present a novel Vivid Face Hallucination Generative Adversarial Network (VividGAN) for simultaneously super-resolving and frontalizing tiny non-frontal face images. VividGAN consists of coarse-level and f…
University of California, Merced（加州大学默塞德分校）；Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）
We present a novel framework for hallucinating faces of unconstrained poses and with very low resolution (face size as small as 5pxIOD). In contrast to existing studies that mostly ignore or assume pre-aligned face spatial configuration (e.g. facial landmarks localization or dense correspondence field), we alternatingly optimize two complementary tasks, namely face hallucination and dense correspondence field estimation, in a unified framework. In addition, we propose a new gated deep bi-network that contains two functionality-specialized branches to recover different levels of texture details…
In current practice, many image processing tasks are done sequentially (e.g. denoising, dehazing, followed by semantic segmentation). In this paper, we propose a novel multi-task neural network architecture designed for combining sequential image processing tasks. We extend U-Net by additional decoding pathways for each individual task, and explore deep cascading of outputs and connectivity from one pathway to another. We demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed approach on denoising and semantic segmentation, as well as on progressive coarse-to-fine semantic segmentation, and achieve better …
Head pose estimation, which computes the intrinsic Euler angles (yaw, pitch, roll) from the human, is crucial for gaze estimation, face alignment, and 3D reconstruction. Traditional approaches heavily relies on the accuracy of facial landmarks. It limits their performances, especially when the visibility of the face is not in good condition. In this paper, to do the estimation without facial landmarks, we combine the coarse and fine regression output together for a deep network. Utilizing more quantization units for the angles, a fine classifier is trained with the help of other auxiliary coar…
Point clouds are often sparse and incomplete. Existing shape completion methods are incapable of generating details of objects or learning the complex point distributions. To this end, we propose a cascaded refinement network together with a coarse-to-fine strategy to synthesize the detailed object shapes. Considering the local details of partial input with the global shape information together, we can preserve the existing details in the incomplete point set and generate the missing parts with high fidelity. We also design a patch discriminator that guarantees every local area has the same pa…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院）
Crowd counting is a challenging task due to the issues such as scale variation and perspective variation in real crowd scenes. In this paper, we propose a novel Cascaded Residual Density Network (CRDNet) in a coarse-to-fine approach to generate the high-quality density map for crowd counting more accurately. (1) We estimate the residual density maps by multi-scale pyramidal features through cascaded residual density modules. It can improve the quality of density map layer by layer effectively. (2) A novel additional local count loss is presented to refine the accuracy of crowd counting, which …
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）；Youtu Lab, Tencent（腾讯优图实验室）；Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学）；University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）
Face Super-Resolution (SR) is a domain-specific super-resolution problem. The specific facial prior knowledge could be leveraged for better super-resolving face images. We present a novel deep end-to-end trainable Face Super-Resolution Network (FSRNet), which makes full use of the geometry prior, i.e., facial landmark heatmaps and parsing maps, to super-resolve very low-resolution (LR) face images without well-aligned requirement. Specifically, we first construct a coarse SR network to recover a coarse high-resolution (HR) image. Then, the coarse HR image is sent to two branches: a fine SR enc…
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）
Recently, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown great advantages in synthesizing images, leading to a boost of explorations of using faked images to augment data. This paper proposes a multimodal cascaded generative adversarial networks (PMC-GANs) to generate realistic and diversified pedestrian images and augment pedestrian detection data. The generator of our model applies a residual U-net structure, with multi-scale residual blocks to encode features, and attention residual blocks to help decode and rebuild pedestrian images. The model constructs in a coarse-to-fine fashion and …
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）
Face detection and alignment in unconstrained environment are challenging due to various poses, illuminations and occlusions. Recent studies show that deep learning approaches can achieve impressive performance on these two tasks. In this paper, we propose a deep cascaded multi-task framework which exploits the inherent correlation between them to boost up their performance. In particular, our framework adopts a cascaded structure with three stages of carefully designed deep convolutional networks that predict face and landmark location in a coarse-to-fine manner. In addition, in the learning …
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）
Semantic scene completion (SSC) aims to complete a partial 3D scene and predict its semantics simultaneously. Most existing works adopt the voxel representations, thus suffering from the growth of memory and computation cost as the voxel resolution increases. Though a few works attempt to solve SSC from the perspective of 3D point clouds, they have not fully exploited the correlation and complementarity between the two tasks of scene completion and semantic segmentation. In our work, we present CasFusionNet, a novel cascaded network for point cloud semantic scene completion by dense feature fu…
Leveraging the Spatial Hierarchy: Coarse-to-fine Trajectory Generation via Cascaded Hybrid Diffusion
Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology（新加坡-麻省理工联合研究技术联盟）；Rutgers University（罗格斯大学）；University of Florida（佛罗里达大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）
Estimating crowd count in densely crowded scenes is an extremely challenging task due to non-uniform scale variations. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end cascaded network of CNNs to jointly learn crowd count classification and density map estimation. Classifying crowd count into various groups is tantamount to coarsely estimating the total count in the image thereby incorporating a high-level prior into the density estimation network. This enables the layers in the network to learn globally relevant discriminative features which aid in estimating highly refined density maps with lowe…
Technion - Israel Institute of Technology（以色列理工学院）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）
Reconstructing the detailed geometric structure of a face from a given image is a key to many computer vision and graphics applications, such as motion capture and reenactment. The reconstruction task is challenging as human faces vary extensively when considering expressions, poses, textures, and intrinsic geometries. While many approaches tackle this complexity by using additional data to reconstruct the face of a single subject, extracting facial surface from a single image remains a difficult problem. As a result, single-image based methods can usually provide only a rough estimate of the …
The deep convolutional neural networks have achieved significant improvements in accuracy and speed for single image super-resolution. However, as the depth of network grows, the information flow is weakened and the training becomes harder and harder. On the other hand, most of the models adopt a single-stream structure with which integrating complementary contextual information under different receptive fields is difficult. To improve information flow and to capture sufficient knowledge for reconstructing the high-frequency details, we propose a cascaded multi-scale cross network (CMSC) in wh…
Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）
We introduce a new top-down pipeline for scene text detection. We propose a novel Cascaded Convolutional Text Network (CCTN) that joints two customized convolutional networks for coarse-to-fine text localization. The CCTN fast detects text regions roughly from a low-resolution image, and then accurately localizes text lines from each enlarged region. We cast previous character based detection into direct text region estimation, avoiding multiple bottom- up post-processing steps. It exhibits surprising robustness and discriminative power by considering whole text region as detection object whic…
Adobe Research（奥多比研究院）；University of Rochester（罗切斯特大学）
Recent image inpainting methods have made great progress but often struggle to generate plausible image structures when dealing with large holes in complex images. This is partially due to the lack of effective network structures that can capture both the long-range dependency and high-level semantics of an image. We propose cascaded modulation GAN (CM-GAN), a new network design consisting of an encoder with Fourier convolution blocks that extract multi-scale feature representations from the input image with holes and a dual-stream decoder with a novel cascaded global-spatial modulation block …
Unlike the conventional facial expressions, micro-expressions are involuntary and transient facial expressions capable of revealing the genuine emotions that people attempt to hide. Therefore, they can provide important information in a broad range of applications such as lie detection, criminal detection, etc. Since micro-expressions are transient and of low intensity, however, their detection and recognition is difficult and relies heavily on expert experiences. Due to its intrinsic particularity and complexity, video-based micro-expression analysis is attractive but challenging, and has rec…
Reweighting Framewise Attention in Video Transformers for Facial Expression Understanding
Inria, Université Côte d’Azur, France（法国国家信息与自动化研究所、法国滨海阿尔卑斯大学）；Hanyang University, South Korea（韩国家阳大学）；Pusan National University, South Korea（韩国釜山国立大学）
Megvii Research（旷视研究院）；Tencent（腾讯）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）
With the advent of convolutional neural networks, stereo matching algorithms have recently gained tremendous progress. However, it remains a great challenge to accurately extract disparities from real-world image pairs taken by consumer-level devices like smartphones, due to practical complicating factors such as thin structures, non-ideal rectification, camera module inconsistencies and various hard-case scenes. In this paper, we propose a set of innovative designs to tackle the problem of practical stereo matching: 1) to better recover fine depth details, we design a hierarchical network wit…
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学T Stone机器人研究所）
Category-level 6D pose estimation, aiming to predict the location and orientation of unseen object instances, is fundamental to many scenarios such as robotic manipulation and augmented reality, yet still remains unsolved. Precisely recovering instance 3D model in the canonical space and accurately matching it with the observation is an essential point when estimating 6D pose for unseen objects. In this paper, we achieve accurate category-level 6D pose estimation via cascaded relation and recurrent reconstruction networks. Specifically, a novel cascaded relation network is dedicated for advanc…
The University of Sydney（悉尼大学）；Sensetime Group Limited（商汤集团有限公司）；Applied Research Center, Tencent PCG（腾讯PCG应用研究中心）
Exploiting the relationships between attributes is a key challenge for improving multiple facial attribute recognition. In this work, we are concerned with two types of correlations that are spatial and non-spatial relationships. For the spatial correlation, we aggregate attributes with spatial similarity into a part-based group and then introduce a Group Attention Learning to generate the group attention and the part-based group feature. On the other hand, to discover the non-spatial relationship, we model a group-based Graph Correlation Learning to explore affinities of predefined part-based…
Hierarchical Space-Time Attention for Micro-Expression Recognition
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Hefei University of Technology（合肥工业大学）；Chery HuiYin Motor Finance Service Co.,Ltd（奇瑞徽银汽车金融股份有限公司）
FED-Bench: A Cross-Granular Benchmark for Disentangled Evaluation of Facial Expression Editing
Xi’an Jiaotong University（西安交通大学）；Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Fudan University（复旦大学）；Zhejiang Lab（之江实验室）
