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arXiv 2203.05904cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.mes-hall
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大体积有机卤化物处理钙钛矿的加工诱导的独特载流子动力学

Processing Induced Distinct Charge Carrier Dynamics of Bulky Organic Halide Treated Perovskites

Benjia Dak Dou, Dane W. deQuilettes, Madeleine Laitz, Roberto Brenes, Lili Wang, Ella L Wassweiler, Richard Swartwout, Jason J. Yoo, Melany Sponseller, Noor Tit… 展开作者

Benjia Dak Dou, Dane W. deQuilettes, Madeleine Laitz, Roberto Brenes, Lili Wang, Ella L Wassweiler, Richard Swartwout, Jason J. Yoo, Melany Sponseller, Noor Titan Putri Hartono, Shijing Sun, Tonio Buonassisi, Moungi G Bawendi, Vladimir Bulovic

摘要:

现有技术的基于金属卤化物钙钛矿的光致抗蚀剂通常采用有机铵盐AX作为表面钝化剂,其中A是大的有机阳离子,X是卤化物。这些表面处理通过形成层状钙钛矿(例如,A2 PbX 4)或AX本身用作钙钛矿光活性膜上的表面钝化剂。目前还不清楚层状钙钛矿或AX是否是理想的钝化剂,这是由于对AX处理的界面影响和所产生的光激发载流子动力学的不完全理解。在本研究中,我们使用TRPL测量来选择性地探测玻璃/钙钛矿/AX的不同界面,以证明A2 PbX 4或AX存在下的截然不同的界面光激发态动力学。将TRPL结果与X射线衍射和纳米显微镜测量相结合,我们发现AX的存在不仅钝化了表面和晶界处的陷阱,而且还诱导了α/δ-FAPbI 3相混合,从而改变了玻璃/钙钛矿界面附近的载流子动力学,提高了光致发光量子产率。相比之下,A2 PbI 4的钝化主要局限于表面和顶面附近的晶界,其中PbI 2的可用性直接决定A2 PbI 4的形成。这种不同的机制显著影响相应的太阳能电池性能,并且我们发现尚未转化为层状钙钛矿的AX钝化允许更大的加工窗口(例如,允许AX浓度的较大变化,这对于提高最终的制造产率是关键的)和更可再现的条件以实现器件性能的提高,而作为钝化剂的A2 PbI 4产生窄得多的处理窗口。我们希望这些结果能够为开发钙钛矿AX提供更合理的途径。

英文摘要:

State-of-the-art metal halide perovskite-based photovoltaics often employ organic ammonium salts, AX, as a surface passivator, where A is a large organic cation and X is a halide. These surface treatments passivate the perovskite by forming layered perovskites (e.g., A2PbX4) or by AX itself serving as a surface passivation agent on the perovskite photoactive film. It remains unclear whether layered perovskites or AX is the ideal passivator due to an incomplete understanding of the interfacial impact and resulting photoexcited carrier dynamics of AX treatment. In the present study, we use TRPL measurements to selectively probe the different interfaces of glass/perovskite/AX to demonstrate the vastly distinct interfacial photoexcited state dynamics with the presence of A2PbX4 or AX. Coupling the TRPL results with X-ray diffraction and nanoscale microscopy measurements, we find that the presence of AX not only passivates the traps at the surface and the grain boundaries, but also induces an α/δ-FAPbI3 phase mixing that alters the carrier dynamics near the glass/perovskite interface and enhances the photoluminescence quantum yield. In contrast, the passivation with A2PbI4 is mostly localized to the surface and grain boundaries near the top surface where the availability of PbI2 directly determines the formation of A2PbI4. Such distinct mechanisms significantly impact the corresponding solar cell performance, and we find AX passivation that has not been converted to a layered perovskite allows for a much larger processing window (e.g., larger allowed variance of AX concentration which is critical for improving the eventual manufacturing yield) and more reproducible condition to realize device performance improvements, while A2PbI4 as a passivator yields a much narrower processing window. We expect these results to enable a more rational route for developing AX for perovskite.

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