The 700 ks Chandra Spiderweb Field I: evidence for widespread nuclear activity in the Protocluster
P. Tozzi, L. Pentericci, R. Gilli, M. Pannella, F. Fiore, G. Miley, M. Nonino, H. J. A. Rottgering, V. Strazzullo, C. S. Anderson, S. Borgani, A. Calabro', C. C… 展开作者
P. Tozzi, L. Pentericci, R. Gilli, M. Pannella, F. Fiore, G. Miley, M. Nonino, H. J. A. Rottgering, V. Strazzullo, C. S. Anderson, S. Borgani, A. Calabro', C. Carilli, H. Dannerbauer, L. Di Mascolo, C. Feruglio, R. Gobat, S. Jin, A. Liu, T. Mroczkowski, C. Norman, E. Rasia, P. Rosati, A. Saro
备注：
Astronomy & Astrophysics. Minor changes in this version. Version accepted in A&A
(Abridged) We present an analysis of the 700 ks Chandra ACIS-S observation of the field around the Spiderweb Galaxy at z=2.156, focusing on the nuclear activity in the associated large-scale environment. We identify unresolved X-ray sources down to flux limits of 1.3X10^{-16} and 3.9X10^{-16} erg/s/cm^2 in the soft and hard band, respectively. We search for counterparts in the optical, NIR and submm bands to identify X-ray sources belonging to the protocluster. We detect 107 X-ray unresolved sources within 5 arcmin (corresponding to 2.5 Mpc) of J1140-2629, among which 13 have optical counterparts with spectroscopic redshift 2.11<z<2.20, and 1 source with photometric redshift consistent with this range. Our X-ray spectral analysis shows that their intrinsic spectral slope is consistent with an average <Γ>~1.84+-0.04. The best-fit intrinsic absorption for 5 protocluster X-ray members is N_H>10^{23} cm^{-2}, while other 6 have upper limits of the order of fewX10^{22} cm^{-2}. Two sources can only be fitted with very flat Γ<=1, and are therefore considered Compton-thick candidates. Their 0.5-10 keV rest frame luminosities are larger than 2X10^{43} erg/s, significantly greater than X-ray luminosities expected from star formation activity. The X-ray luminosity function of AGN in the volume associated to the Spiderweb protocluster in the range 10^{43}<L_X<10^{44.5} erg/s, is at least 10 times higher than that in the field at the same redshift and significantly flatter. The X-ray AGN fraction is measured to be (25.5+-4.5)% in the stellar mass range log(M*/M_sun)>10.5, corresponding to an enhancement of 6.0^{+9.0}_{-3.0} with respect to the COSMOS field at comparable redshifts and stellar mass range. We conclude that the galaxy population in the Spiderweb Protocluster is characterized by enhanced X-ray nuclear activity triggered by environmental effects on Mpc scales.
英文摘要：
(Abridged) We present an analysis of the 700 ks Chandra ACIS-S observation of the field around the Spiderweb Galaxy at z=2.156, focusing on the nuclear activity in the associated large-scale environment. We identify unresolved X-ray sources down to flux limits of 1.3X10^{-16} and 3.9X10^{-16} erg/s/cm^2 in the soft and hard band, respectively. We search for counterparts in the optical, NIR and submm bands to identify X-ray sources belonging to the protocluster. We detect 107 X-ray unresolved sources within 5 arcmin (corresponding to 2.5 Mpc) of J1140-2629, among which 13 have optical counterparts with spectroscopic redshift 2.11<z<2.20, and 1 source with photometric redshift consistent with this range. Our X-ray spectral analysis shows that their intrinsic spectral slope is consistent with an average <Γ>~1.84+-0.04. The best-fit intrinsic absorption for 5 protocluster X-ray members is N_H>10^{23} cm^{-2}, while other 6 have upper limits of the order of fewX10^{22} cm^{-2}. Two sources can only be fitted with very flat Γ<=1, and are therefore considered Compton-thick candidates. Their 0.5-10 keV rest frame luminosities are larger than 2X10^{43} erg/s, significantly greater than X-ray luminosities expected from star formation activity. The X-ray luminosity function of AGN in the volume associated to the Spiderweb protocluster in the range 10^{43}<L_X<10^{44.5} erg/s, is at least 10 times higher than that in the field at the same redshift and significantly flatter. The X-ray AGN fraction is measured to be (25.5+-4.5)% in the stellar mass range log(M*/M_sun)>10.5, corresponding to an enhancement of 6.0^{+9.0}_{-3.0} with respect to the COSMOS field at comparable redshifts and stellar mass range. We conclude that the galaxy population in the Spiderweb Protocluster is characterized by enhanced X-ray nuclear activity triggered by environmental effects on Mpc scales.
Spider-Webb: enhanced star formation in low-mass galaxies within the Spiderweb protocluster revealed by JWST Pa$β$ narrow-band imaging
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency（日本宇宙航空研究开发机构宇宙科学研究所）；Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University（东北大学天文研究所）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), National Institutes of Natural Sciences（国立天文台（NAOJ），国立自然科学研究所）；Waseda Institute for Advanced Study (WIAS), Waseda University（早稻田大学高等研究院（WIAS））；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)（加那利天体物理学研究所（IAC））；Departamento Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna（拉古纳大学天体物理系）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（天体生物学中心（CAB），西班牙国家科学技术研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所）
Chaotic Molecular Gas in Five Dusty Star-forming Galaxies in the Spiderweb Protocluster at $z = 2.16$
University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；University of California, Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校）；Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学）
Spider-Webb: Spatially-Resolved Evidence of Inside-Out Quenching in the Spiderweb Protocluster at $z \sim 2$
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台）；The Graduate University for Advanced Studies（高级研究院）；Tohoku University（东北大学）；Waseda University（早稻田大学）
JWST reveals extended stellar disks for ALMA-bright dusty star-forming galaxies in the Spiderweb protocluster
Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉各拉纳大学）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台）；Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)（综合研究大学院大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）
Mass--size evolution and the emerging passive--density relation revealed by JWST/NIRCam in the Spiderweb protocluster
Adam Mickiewicz University（亚当·密茨凯维奇大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉帕鲁尼亚大学）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency（日本宇宙航空研究开发机构宇宙科学研究所）；Tohoku University（东北大学）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台）
Deep X-ray View of a Distant Protocluster Anchored by a Quasar at $z=6.63$: No Evidence for Enhanced X-ray AGN Activity
Peking University（北京大学）；Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所）；Nanjing University（南京大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）
The high-redshift radio galaxy 3C 294 at low frequencies: radio detection of the X-ray Ghost
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室）；Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学卡弗里宇宙学研究所）；Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Department of Physics, Durham University（杜伦大学物理系河外天文中心）；Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University（杜伦大学物理系计算宇宙学研究所）；Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学天文学研究所）
An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: an unbiased study of SMG environments measured with narrowband imaging
X-ray Characterization of Galaxy Groups and Hickson Groups in COSMOS-Web to z~3.8 I. X-ray Luminosity Function Evolution
Aalto University（阿尔托大学）；University of Helsinki（赫尔辛基大学）；Deutsches Zentrum für Astrophysik（德国天体物理中心）；TU Dresden（德累斯顿工业大学）；DESY（德国电子同步辐射实验室）；Durham University（杜伦大学）；Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)（基础科学高等研究院）；The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；Aix Marseille Univ（艾克斯-马赛大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；University of Victoria（维多利亚大学）
