X射线表征宇宙网(COSMOS-Web)中的星系群与希克森致密群至红移z~3.8 I. X射线光度函数演化
X-ray Characterization of Galaxy Groups and Hickson Groups in COSMOS-Web to z~3.8 I. X-ray Luminosity Function Evolution
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文利用Chandra和XMM-Newton数据对COSMOS-Web中1678个星系群和993个希克森致密群进行均匀X射线表征,发现X射线光度函数特征光度随红移单调上升约2个数量级,并公开释放测量结果。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
星系群是宇宙中占主导地位的暗晕环境,也是研究反馈和气体循环物理的灵敏实验室,然而,对星系群种群进行均匀的中等红移X射线表征一直受到深广域成像数据可用性的限制。我们提出了对COSMOS-Web星系群种群的均匀X射线表征:1,678个星系群(CW-All),这些星系群是通过将AMICO算法应用于JWST选择的COSMOS-Web测光星表($0.08 \lesssim z \lesssim 3.7$)而识别出的;以及一个平行的993个希克森致密群样本(CW-HCG;$0.08 \lesssim z \lesssim 3.82$),覆盖$0.45~\mathrm{deg}^2$天区。我们将统一的孔径测光X射线处理流程应用于Chandra和XMM-Newton的COSMOS组合马赛克图像,测量了每个星系群的流量、光度、温度、暗晕质量和半径,同时给出了探测结果、上限和质量标志。我们在信噪比SNR~$\geq 2.0$下探测到499个CW-All星系群(占29.7%)和332个CW-HCG星系群(占33.4%)的X射线辐射,并给出了四个红移区间的X射线光度函数。特征光度$L^\star$在两个星表中均从最低红移区间到最高红移区间单调上升约1.9--2.1个数量级,这一趋势在两种独立的交叉检验分箱方案下依然存在,且无法用探测种群的暗晕质量或富度选择效应来解释。针对$2.50 \lesssim z < 3.09$范围内AmicOne原星系团候选体的弥散X射线辐射的定向搜索,在当前深度下未发现具有统计显著性的信号。我们公开发布了这两个星表的X射线测量结果和推导性质。
英文摘要
Galaxy groups are the dominant halo environment in the Universe and a sensitive laboratory for feedback and gas-cycling physics, yet a uniform, intermediate-redshift X-ray characterization of the group population has been limited by the availability of deep, wide-area imaging. We present a uniform X-ray characterization of the COSMOS-Web galaxy group population: 1,678 groups (CW-All) identified with the AMICO algorithm applied to the JWST-selected COSMOS-Web photometric catalog ($0.08 \lesssim z \lesssim 3.7$), and a parallel sample of 993 Hickson compact groups (CW-HCG; $0.08 \lesssim z \lesssim 3.82$) over $0.45~\mathrm{deg}^2$. We apply a uniform aperture-photometry X-ray pipeline to the combined Chandra and XMM-Newton COSMOS mosaic, measuring fluxes, luminosities, temperatures, and halo masses and radii for every group, together with detections, upper limits, and quality flags. We detect X-ray emission from 499 CW-All groups (29.7\%) and 332 CW-HCG groups (33.4\%) at SNR~$\geq 2.0$, and present the X-ray luminosity function in four redshift bins. The characteristic luminosity $L^\star$ rises monotonically by $\sim$1.9--2.1~dex from the lowest to highest redshift bin in both catalogs, a trend that persists under two independent cross-check binning schemes and is not explained by mass or richness selection of the detected population. A targeted search for diffuse X-ray emission from the AmicOne protocluster candidate at $2.50 \lesssim z < 3.09$ finds no statistically significant signal at the current depth. We publicly release the X-ray measurements and derived properties for both catalogs.
发表机构
- Aalto University(阿尔托大学)
- University of Helsinki(赫尔辛基大学)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Astrophysik(德国天体物理中心)
- TU Dresden(德累斯顿工业大学)
- DESY(德国电子同步辐射实验室)
- Durham University(杜伦大学)
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)(基础科学高等研究院)
- The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校)
- Aix Marseille Univ(艾克斯-马赛大学)
- CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心)
- University of Victoria(维多利亚大学)
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