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arXiv 2209.15467astro-ph.GA
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700 kS钱德拉蛛网场II:蛛网星系中逆康普顿和热扩散发射的证据

The 700 ks Chandra Spiderweb Field II: Evidence for inverse-Compton and thermal diffuse emission in the Spiderweb galaxy

P. Tozzi, R. Gilli, A. Liu, S. Borgani, M. Lepore, L. Di Mascolo, A. Saro, L. Pentericci, C. Carilli, G. Miley, T. Mroczkowski, M. Pannella, E. Rasia, P. Rosati… 展开作者

P. Tozzi, R. Gilli, A. Liu, S. Borgani, M. Lepore, L. Di Mascolo, A. Saro, L. Pentericci, C. Carilli, G. Miley, T. Mroczkowski, M. Pannella, E. Rasia, P. Rosati, C. S. Anderson, A. Calabro', E. Churazov, H. Dannerbauer, C. Feruglio, F. Fiore, R. Gobat, S. Jin, M. Nonino, C. Norman, H. J. A. Rottgering

摘要:

我们提出的X射线成像和光谱分析的蛛网星系周围的漫发射z=2.16和它的核发射,基于深(700 ks)钱德拉观测。我们描述了核发射的特征,并计算了由于仪器PSF的翅膀而导致的周围区域的污染。然后,我们量化了12”以内的扩展排放。我们发现,蜘蛛网星系主机轻度吸收类星体,适度但显着的变化在一年的时间尺度上。我们发现,在喷流区的发射是很好的描述与伽玛~2-2.5的幂律,这是符合IC的CMB光子的相对论电子的上散射。我们还发现了一个大致对称的,漫发射半径为100千秒差距。这种发射与来自温度kT=2.0 - 0.4 ^{+0.7} keV、金属丰度Z<1.6Z_sun的热ICM的热韧致辐射一致。100 kpc内的平均电子密度为n_e=(1.51+-0.24+-0.14)E-2 cm^{-3},对应于ICM总质量的上限<=(1.76+-0.30+-0.17)E+12 M_sun(其中误差线分别为1 sigma统计和系统误差线)。如果我们对ICM应用流体静力平衡,我们测得总引力质量M(<100 kpc)=(1.5^{+0.5}_{-0.3})E+13 M_sun,外推到更大的半径,我们估计在r_{500} =(220+-30)kpc的半径内总质量M_{500} =(3.2^{+1.1}_{-0.6})E+13 M_sun。我们的结论是,蜘蛛网原星团显示出显着的扩散发射半径为12弧秒,其主要贡献是由IC散射与无线电喷流。在喷流区域之外,我们还发现了半径约为100 kpc的热辐射,揭示了热的、扩散的重子的存在,这些重子可能代表了正在形成的星系团的胚胎维里化晕。

英文摘要:

We present the X-ray imaging and spectral analysis of the diffuse emission around the Spiderweb galaxy at z=2.16 and of its nuclear emission, based on a deep (700 ks) Chandra observation. We characterize the nuclear emission and computed the contamination in the surrounding regions due to the wings of the instrument PSF. Then, we quantified the extended emission within 12". We find that the Spiderweb galaxy hosts a mildly absorbed quasar, with modest yet significant variability on a timescale of ~1 year. We find that the emission in the jet regions is well described by a power law with Gamma~2-2.5, and it is consistent with IC upscattering of the CMB photons by the relativistic electrons. We also find a roughly symmetric, diffuse emission within a radius of ~100 kpc. This emission is consistent with thermal bremsstrahlung from a hot ICM with a temperature of kT=2.0_{-0.4}^{+0.7} keV, and a metallicity of Z<1.6Z_sun. The average electron density within 100 kpc is n_e=(1.51+-0.24+-0.14)E-2 cm^{-3}, corresponding to an upper limit for the total ICM mass of <=(1.76+-0.30+-0.17)E+12 M_sun (where error bars are 1 sigma statistical and systematic, respectively). If we apply hydrostatic equilibrium to the ICM, we measure a total gravitational mass M(<100 kpc)=(1.5^{+0.5}_{-0.3})E+13 M_sun and, extrapolating at larger radii, we estimate a total mass M_{500}=(3.2^{+1.1}_{-0.6})E+13 M_sun within a radius of r_{500}=(220+-30) kpc. We conclude that the Spiderweb protocluster shows significant diffuse emission within a radius of 12 arcsec, whose major contribution is provided by IC scattering associated with the radio jets. Outside the jet regions, we also identified thermal emission within a radius of ~100 kpc, revealing the presence of hot, diffuse baryons that may represent the embryonic virialized halo of the forming cluster.

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