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来自电弱对称性破缺模式的引力波：一种有效视角

Gravitational waves from patterns of electroweak symmetry breaking: an effective perspective

Rong-Gen Cai, Katsuya Hashino, Shao-Jiang Wang, Jiang-Hao Yu

备注：
two columns, 29 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables, accepted for pulication in Communications in Theoretical Physics
发表信息：
Commun. Theor. Phys. 77 (2025) 055204
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AI总结：

本文基于电弱对称性破缺的不同模式，以标量N-plet模型为例，提出三种有效分类，探讨了在轻、重标量场模型中实现强一阶相变并产生引力波的条件。

摘要：

未来的天基引力波（GW）探测器将为探索允许一阶相变的标准模型之外的新物理提供一种有前景的探测手段。不同具体粒子物理模型对引力波背景的预测存在高度敏感的差异，但在模型构建中也存在很大的简并性，这促使我们基于电弱对称性破缺（EWSB）的不同模式，提出一种关于相变的有效模型描述。本文以标量N-plet模型为例，提出了一种针对三种不同EWSB模式的有效分类：（1）具有经典标度不变性的辐射对称性破缺；（2）一般标量扩展中的Higgs机制；以及（3）高维算符。我们得出结论，对于（1）和（2），在具有和没有经典标度不变性的轻标量场模型中，通过小的四次耦合和附加N-plet场的小同位旋可以实现强一阶相变；而对于（3），在重标量场模型中，则需要标量场之间的大混合耦合和N-plet场的大同位旋才能实现强一阶相变。

英文摘要：

The future space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detectors would provide a promising probe for the new physics beyond the standard model that admits the first-order phase transitions. The predictions for the GW background vary sensitively among different concrete particle physics models but also share a large degeneracy in the model buildings, which motivates an effective model description on the phase transition based on different patterns of the electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). In this paper, using the scalar $N$-plet model as a demonstration, we propose an effective classification for three different patterns of EWSB: (1) radiative symmetry breaking with classical scale invariance, (2) Higgs mechanism in generic scalar extension, and (3) higher dimensional operators. We conclude that a strong first-order phase transition could be realized for (1) and (2) with a small quartic coupling and a small isospin of an additional $N$-plet field for the light scalar field model with and without the classical scale invariance, and (3) with a large mixing coupling between scalar fields and a large isospin of the $N$-plet field for the heavy scalar field model.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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