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arXiv 2202.08294cond-mat.str-elhep-thmath-phmath.MP
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拓扑相的高等格点规范理论模型中的激发 I:综述

Excitations in the Higher Lattice Gauge Theory Model for Topological Phases I: Overview

Joe Huxford, Steven H. Simon

AI总结:

本文研究基于高等格点规范理论的3+1d拓扑相哈密顿量模型,显式构造算子产生并移动点状与环状激发,揭示了其非平凡编织关系、禁闭机制及基态简并与拓扑荷的关联。

摘要:

在本系列论文中,我们研究了一个3+1d拓扑相的哈密顿量模型,该模型基于被称为“高等格点规范理论”的格点规范理论推广。高等格点规范理论具有所谓的“2-规范场”,用于描述线的平行输运,就像普通规范场描述点的平行输运一样。在哈密顿量模型中,这通过在格点的面以及边上设置标签来表示。在本文中,我们以易于理解的方式总结了我们的发现,更详细的结果和证明将在本系列的其他论文中给出。该哈密顿量模型支持点状和环状激发,并且这些激发之间存在非平凡的编织。我们显式构造了算子来产生和移动这些激发,并利用它们求得了环-环和点-环编织关系。这些产生算子还揭示了部分激发是受禁闭的,分离它们需要消耗能量。我们在该模型不同情况之间的凝聚/禁闭相变背景下对此进行了讨论。我们还讨论了该模型的拓扑荷,并使用显式测量算子重新推导了由2-环面测量的荷数量与该模型在3-环面上的基态简并之间的关系。从这些测量算子可以看出,3-环面上的基态简并与相连环状激发的类型数量有关。

英文摘要:

In this series of papers, we study a Hamiltonian model for 3+1d topological phases, based on a generalisation of lattice gauge theory known as "higher lattice gauge theory". Higher lattice gauge theory has so called "2-gauge fields" describing the parallel transport of lines, just as ordinary gauge fields describe the parallel transport of points. In the Hamiltonian model this is represented by having labels on the plaquettes of the lattice, as well as the edges. In this paper we summarize our findings in an accessible manner, with more detailed results and proofs to be presented in the other papers in the series. The Hamiltonian model supports both point-like and loop-like excitations, with non-trivial braiding between these excitations. We explicitly construct operators to produce and move these excitations, and use these to find the loop-loop and point-loop braiding relations. These creation operators also reveal that some of the excitations are confined, costing energy to separate. This is discussed in the context of condensation/confinement transitions between different cases of this model. We also discuss the topological charges of the model and use explicit measurement operators to re-derive a relationship between the number of charges measured by a 2-torus and the ground-state degeneracy of the model on the 3-torus. From these measurement operators, we can see that the ground state degeneracy on the 3-torus is related to the number of types of linked loop-like excitations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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