使用全天空photometry绘制城市到乡村的天空辉光亮度和颜色
Mapping the brightness and color of urban to rural skyglow with all-sky photometry
摘要：
人造天辉是一种对环境有广泛影响的光污染。天辉的范围、强度和颜色取决于人工光源和天气条件。最好用地面仪器来确定“祥瑞”。我们绘制了德国柏林的天空辉光图，包括城市内外的晴朗天空和多云天空。我们进行了观察，从柏林市中心到农村的地方超过58公里的柏林以南使用全天空测光校准的商业数码相机和鱼眼镜头。从多光谱成像数据，我们处理亮度和相关的色温图。我们同时提取了天顶的夜空亮度和相关色温，以及水平和标量照度。我们计算了每个站点的云放大因子，并研究了亮度和颜色随距离的变化，特别是显示了城市范围内外的差异。我们发现高值的照度以上的满月光水平和放大系数高达25在城市中心和城市的限制和城市范围以外的梯度。我们进一步观察到，几乎在所有情况下，云都会降低相关色温。我们讨论了我们的方法的优点和缺点，比较模拟夜空亮度数据的结果，并为今后的工作提供建议。
英文摘要：
Artificial skyglow is a form of light pollution with wide ranging implications on the environment. The extent, intensity and color of skyglow depends on the artificial light sources and weather conditions. Skyglow can be best determined with ground based instruments. We mapped the skyglow of Berlin, Germany, for clear sky and overcast sky conditions inside and outside of the city limits. We conducted observations using a transect from the city center of Berlin towards a rural place more than 58 km south of Berlin using all-sky photometry with a calibrated commercial digital camera and a fisheye lens. From the multispectral imaging data, we processed luminance and correlated color temperature maps. We extracted the night sky brightness and correlated color temperature at zenith, as well as horizontal and scalar illuminance simultaneously. We calculated cloud amplification factors at each site and investigated the changes of brightness and color with distance, particularly showing differences inside and outside of the city limits. We found high values for illuminance above full moon light levels and amplification factors as high as 25 in the city center and a gradient towards the city limit and outside of the city limit. We further observed that clouds decrease the correlated color temperature in almost all cases. We discuss advantages and weaknesses of our method, compare the results with modeled night sky brightness data and provide recommendations for future work.
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