眼中的天光：眼内散射与夜空人造亮度
Skyglow inside your eyes: intraocular scattering and artificial brightness of the night sky
AI总结：
研究眼内散射对夜空视觉亮度的影响，量化了路灯等光源在视网膜上产生的额外亮度，证明遮挡直射光可显著提升肉眼星等极限。
摘要：
世界上许多地方的自然夜空视觉感知受到人为光的强烈干扰。部分人造光在大气中散射并传播至观测者，增加了自然亮度，造成光污染的天空。然而，大气散射并非增加视觉天光的唯一机制。构成人眼的丰富多样的生物介质也能高效散射光，并在某些情况下对视网膜感光细胞检测到的总天空亮度有较大贡献。本文量化了这一效应，并评估了当眼瞳孔被视野内的光源照射时其相关性。结果表明，在距离路灯较近处，眼内散射构成了感知天空亮度的显著部分。这些结果为日常经验提供了定量支持：通过遮挡直接到达眼瞳孔的灯光，可以显著提高裸眼星等极限。减少眼瞳孔照度并将光源置于与视轴大角度位置的城区照明设计，有望帮助降低人造眼内天光。
英文摘要：
The visual perception of the natural night sky in many places of the world is strongly disturbed by anthropogenic light. Part of this artificial light is scattered in the atmosphere and propagates towards the observer, adding to the natural brightness and producing a light polluted sky. However, atmospheric scattering is not the only mechanism contributing to increase the visual skyglow. The rich and diverse biological media forming the human eye also scatter light very efficiently and contribute, in some cases to a big extent, to the total sky brightness detected by the retinal photoreceptors. In this paper we quantify this effect and assess its relevance when the eye pupil is illuminated by light sources within the visual field. Our results show that intraocular scattering constitutes a significant part of the perceived sky brightness at short distances from streetlights. These results provide quantitative support to the everyday experience that substantial gains in naked-eye star limiting magnitudes can be achieved by blocking the direct light from the lamps that reaches the eye pupil. Urban lighting designs that reduce the illuminance over the eye pupil and locate the sources at large angles with respect to the visual axis are expected to help decreasing the artificial intraocular skyglow.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
