钪酸盐热离子阴极的研究进展
A Review of Sc-containing "Scandate" Thermionic Cathodes
摘要：
虽然电子发射已经研究了100多年，但最近对用于军事和民用的新型电子器件的兴趣已经导致对具有增强的发射特性（例如，更高的电流密度、更均匀的发射、更低的操作温度或延长的使用寿命）的阴极的需求激增。含Sc的“钪酸盐”阴极已被广泛报道为与前一代的电子阴极（包括氧化物、B型和M型阴极）相比表现出优异的发射性质。尽管广泛的研究跨越了几十年，添加Sc增强阴极发射的机制仍然不明确，并且某些限制-不均匀的发射，低再现性，不一致的寿命-继续阻止钪酸盐阴极广泛的商业集成到电子器件中。本文综述了钪酸盐阴极的制备、结构和性能，特别是钪在增强发射中的作用。
英文摘要：
Although thermionic emission has been studied for more than 100 years, recent interest in novel electron devices for military and civilian use has led to a surge in demand for cathodes with enhanced emission properties (e.g. higher current density, more uniform emission, lower operating temperatures, or extended in-service longevity). Sc-containing "scandate" cathodes have been widely reported to exhibit superior emission properties compared to previous-generation thermionic cathodes, including oxide, B-, and M-type cathodes. Despite extensive study spanning several decades, the mechanism by which the addition of Sc enhances cathode emission remains ambiguous, and certain limitations -- non-uniform emission, low reproducibility, inconsistent longevity -- continue to prevent widespread commercial integration of scandate cathodes into electron devices. This review attempts to survey the literature to-date addressing the fabrication, structure, and properties of scandate cathodes, with particular attention to studies addressing the role of Sc in enhancing emission.
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