公平观念是由收入不平等形成的吗？拉丁美洲的证据
Are Fairness Perceptions Shaped by Income Inequality? Evidence from Latin America
摘要：
文献中的一个常见假设是，收入不平等的水平塑造了个人对收入分配是否公平的信念（简称“公平观点”）。然而，个人并不直接观察到收入不平等（这往往会导致很大的误解），他们也不认为所有的不平等都是不公平的。在本文中，我们实证评估之间的联系收入不平等的客观措施和公平的看法，在高，但减少收入不平等的背景下。我们将民意调查数据与1997年至2015年18个拉丁美洲国家家庭调查的协调数据相结合。我们报告三个主要发现。首先，我们发现，随着时间的推移，不同国家的收入不平等和不公平观点之间存在着强有力的统计学显著关系。在我们的样本中，18个国家中有17个国家的不公平观点与收入不平等的发展方向相同。其次，平均而言，年龄较大、失业和左翼的个人更有可能认为收入分配非常不公平。第三，公平观点和收入不平等对个人的自我报告的动员和抗议倾向具有预测力，这两个变量相互独立，表明这两个变量反映了收入分配变化影响社会动荡的不同渠道。
英文摘要：
A common assumption in the literature is that the level of income inequality shapes individuals' beliefs about whether the income distribution is fair (``fairness views,'' for short). However, individuals do not directly observe income inequality (which often leads to large misperceptions), nor do they consider all inequities to be unfair. In this paper, we empirically assess the link between objective measures of income inequality and fairness views in a context of high but decreasing income inequality. We combine opinion poll data with harmonized data from household surveys of 18 Latin American countries from 1997--2015. We report three main findings. First, we find a strong and statistically significant relationship between income inequality and unfairness views across countries and over time. Unfairness views evolved in the same direction as income inequality for 17 out of the 18 countries in our sample. Second, individuals who are older, unemployed, and left-wing are, on average, more likely to perceive the income distribution as very unfair. Third, fairness views and income inequality have predictive power for individuals' self-reported propensity to mobilize and protest independent of each other, suggesting that these two variables capture different channels through which changes in the income distribution can affect social unrest.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
