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arXiv 2202.03809gr-qc
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黑洞和虫洞时空中双光子球的光环像

Light ring images of double photon spheres in black hole and wormhole space-times

Merce Guerrero, Gonzalo J. Olmo, Diego Rubiera-Garcia, Diego Sáez-Chillón Gómez

摘要:

一个具有临界曲线(一个不稳定的束缚光子轨道)的黑洞,当被一个光学上薄的吸积盘(其发射被限制在赤道平面)照射时,其轮廓显示出一个独特的中心亮度凹陷(阴影),其外缘由一系列强透镜的、自相似的环与盘的直接发射叠加而成。虽然临界曲线的大小和形状只取决于背景几何形状,但图像中亮暗区域的图案(包括阴影本身的大小和深度)受到吸积盘的(天文)物理学的强烈影响。这一点使得很难在克尔黑洞和其他致密天体之间提取干净清晰的观测鉴别器。然而,在存在第二条临界曲线的情况下,观测差异变得明显。在这项工作中,我们将考虑一些球对称的黑洞和虫洞的几何特征的第二个临界曲线的存在下,通过单参数家庭的史瓦西度规的扩展。通过假设三个几何薄吸积盘的玩具模型,我们表明在两个临界曲线之间的中间区域存在额外的光环。对这种环的观测可能是存在具有多个临界曲线的黑洞模仿者的令人信服的证据。

英文摘要:

The silhouette of a black hole having a critical curve (an unstable bound photon orbit) when illuminated by an optically thin accretion disk whose emission is confined to the equatorial plane shows a distinctive central brightness depression (the shadow) whose outer edge consists of a series of strongly lensed, self-similar rings superimposed with the disk's direct emission. While the size and shape of the critical curve depend only on the background geometry, the pattern of bright and dark regions (including the size and depth of the shadow itself) in the image is strongly influenced by the (astro)physics of the accretion disk. This aspect makes it difficult to extract clean and clear observational discriminators between the Kerr black hole and other compact objects. In the presence of a second critical curve, however, observational differences become apparent. In this work we shall consider some spherically symmetric black hole and wormhole geometries characterized by the presence of a second critical curve, via a uniparametric family of extensions of the Schwarzschild metric. By assuming three toy models of geometrically thin accretion disks, we show the presence of additional light rings in the intermediate region between the two critical curves. The observation of such rings could represent a compelling evidence for the existence of black hole mimickers having multiple critical curves.

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