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arXiv 2202.01862cs.ROcs.LG
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基于任务一致性损失的现实世界中的实用模仿学习

Practical Imitation Learning in the Real World via Task Consistency Loss

X, The Moonshot Factory(X,登月工厂);UC Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);Google(谷歌)

Mohi Khansari, Daniel Ho, Yuqing Du, Armando Fuentes, Matthew Bennice, Nicolas Sievers, Sean Kirmani, Yunfei Bai, Eric Jang

摘要:

最近在机器人视觉端到端学习方面的工作表明,模仿学习有望在各种任务中发挥作用。这种方法是昂贵的,因为它们需要大量的真实世界的训练演示,因为识别在真实世界中部署的最佳模型需要耗时的真实世界评估。这些挑战可以通过模拟来缓解:通过模拟演示补充真实世界的数据,并使用模拟评估来确定高性能的策略。然而,这引入了众所周知的“现实差距”问题,其中模拟器的不准确性使模拟中的性能与现实的性能去相关。在本文中,我们建立在基于GAN的领域自适应的先前工作之上,并引入了任务一致性损失(TCL)的概念,这是一种自我监督的损失,鼓励在特征和动作预测层面上进行sim和real对齐。我们证明了我们的方法的有效性,通过教一个移动机械手自主接近门,把手柄打开门,并进入房间。该策略从RGB和深度图像执行控制,并推广到训练数据中未遇到的门。我们在16个可见和不可见的场景中实现了72%的成功,仅使用约16.2小时的SIM和真实的遥控演示。据我们所知,这是第一个从纯粹的端到端学习方法来解决闩锁门打开的工作,其中导航和操作任务由单个神经网络联合建模。

英文摘要:

Recent work in visual end-to-end learning for robotics has shown the promise of imitation learning across a variety of tasks. Such approaches are expensive both because they require large amounts of real world training demonstrations and because identifying the best model to deploy in the real world requires time-consuming real-world evaluations. These challenges can be mitigated by simulation: by supplementing real world data with simulated demonstrations and using simulated evaluations to identify high performing policies. However, this introduces the well-known "reality gap" problem, where simulator inaccuracies decorrelate performance in simulation from that of reality. In this paper, we build on top of prior work in GAN-based domain adaptation and introduce the notion of a Task Consistency Loss (TCL), a self-supervised loss that encourages sim and real alignment both at the feature and action-prediction levels. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by teaching a mobile manipulator to autonomously approach a door, turn the handle to open the door, and enter the room. The policy performs control from RGB and depth images and generalizes to doors not encountered in training data. We achieve 72% success across sixteen seen and unseen scenes using only ~16.2 hours of teleoperated demonstrations in sim and real. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to tackle latched door opening from a purely end-to-end learning approach, where the task of navigation and manipulation are jointly modeled by a single neural network.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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