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arXiv 2201.10113cs.CLcs.LG
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多模态数据很重要:结构化和非结构化电子健康记录的语言模型预训练

Multimodal data matters: language model pre-training over structured and unstructured electronic health records

Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)(哈尔滨工业大学(深圳));Peng Cheng Laboratory(鹏城实验室);Peking University(北京大学)

Sicen Liu, Xiaolong Wang, Yongshuai Hou, Ge Li, Hui Wang, Hui Xu, Yang Xiang, Buzhou Tang

摘要:

结构化数据(临床代码)和非结构化数据(临床叙述)作为电子健康记录(EHR)中两种重要的文本形式,近年来越来越多地应用于医疗领域。然而,大多数现有的EHR为导向的研究,要么集中在一个特定的模式或整合数据从不同的方式,在一个简单的方式,通常处理结构化和非结构化数据作为两个独立的信息来源,病人入院,忽略了它们之间的内在相互作用。事实上,这两种模式是在同一次遭遇中记录的,其中结构化数据通知非结构化数据的文档,反之亦然。在本文中,我们提出了一个医疗多模态预训练语言模型,命名为MedM-PLM,学习增强EHR表示结构化和非结构化数据,并探讨两种模式的交互。在MedM-PLM中,首先采用两个基于transformer的神经网络组件来学习每个模态的代表性特征。然后引入一个跨模态模块来模拟它们的相互作用。我们在MIMIC-III数据集上对MedM-PLM进行了预训练,并在三个下游临床任务上验证了模型的有效性,即,用药建议、30天再入院预测和ICD编码。大量的实验证明了MedM-PLM与最先进的方法相比的强大功能。进一步的分析和可视化显示了我们模型的鲁棒性,这可能为临床决策提供更全面的解释。

英文摘要:

As two important textual modalities in electronic health records (EHR), both structured data (clinical codes) and unstructured data (clinical narratives) have recently been increasingly applied to the healthcare domain. Most existing EHR-oriented studies, however, either focus on a particular modality or integrate data from different modalities in a straightforward manner, which usually treats structured and unstructured data as two independent sources of information about patient admission and ignore the intrinsic interactions between them. In fact, the two modalities are documented during the same encounter where structured data inform the documentation of unstructured data and vice versa. In this paper, we proposed a Medical Multimodal Pre-trained Language Model, named MedM-PLM, to learn enhanced EHR representations over structured and unstructured data and explore the interaction of two modalities. In MedM-PLM, two Transformer-based neural network components are firstly adopted to learn representative characteristics from each modality. A cross-modal module is then introduced to model their interactions. We pre-trained MedM-PLM on the MIMIC-III dataset and verified the effectiveness of the model on three downstream clinical tasks, i.e., medication recommendation, 30-day readmission prediction and ICD coding. Extensive experiments demonstrate the power of MedM-PLM compared with state-of-the-art methods. Further analyses and visualizations show the robustness of our model, which could potentially provide more comprehensive interpretations for clinical decision-making.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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