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arXiv 2201.09583astro-ph.HE
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gamma-ray范围内II-P型核心坍缩超新星的最初几天

The first days of type II-P core collapse supernovae in the gamma-ray range

P. Cristofari, A. Marcowith, M. Renaud, V. V. Dwarkadas, V. Tatischeff, G. Giacinti, E. Peretti, H. Sol

摘要:

II-P型超新星SNe是最常见的核塌缩型超新星,是由红超巨星爆炸产生的。它们在无线电领域的探测证明了相对论电子的存在,并表明它们是潜在的高效高能粒子加速器。如果强子也可以被加速,这些高能粒子预计将与周围的介质相互作用,甚至在多TeV范围内产生伽马射线信号。这种信号的强度取决于各种因素,但最重要的是星周介质的密度。然而,这样的信号应该受到电子-正电子对的限制,电子-正电子对产生于伽马射线光子与超新星光球发射的可见光子的相互作用,这可能会在爆炸后的头几天/几周内使伽马射线信号降低十多个数量级。我们计算的伽马-伽马不透明度的前向冲击和超新星光球的时间演化的详细建模,充分考虑到光子相互作用的非各向同性。我们讨论了随时间变化的γ射线TeV发射从II-P SNe作为恒星的祖先半径和质量损失率的函数,以及爆炸能量和质量的喷射材料。我们评估的SNe的探测能力与下一代切伦科夫望远镜。我们发现,虽然大多数河外事件可能无法检测到,但在我们的银河系或麦哲伦星云中爆发的II-P型SNe应该被伽马射线天文台检测到,例如即将到来的切伦科夫望远镜阵列。

英文摘要:

Type II-P supernovæ~(SNe), the most common core-collapse SNe type, result from the explosions of red supergiant stars. Their detection in the radio domain testifies of the presence of relativistic electrons, and shows that they are potentially efficient energetic particle accelerators. If hadrons can also be accelerated, these energetic particles are expected to interact with the surrounding medium to produce a gamma-ray signal even in the multi--TeV range. The intensity of this signal depends on various factors, but an essential one is the density of the circumstellar medium. Such a signal should however be limited by electron-positron pair production arising from the interaction of the gamma-ray photons with optical photons emitted by the supernova photosphere, which can potentially degrade the gamma-ray signal by over ten orders of magnitude in the first days/weeks following the explosion. We calculate the gamma-gamma opacity from a detailed modelling of the time evolution of the forward shock and supernova photosphere, taking a full account of the non-isotropy of the photon interactions. We discuss the time-dependent gamma-ray TeV emission from type II-P SNe as a function of the stellar progenitor radius and mass-loss rate, as well as the explosion energy and mass of the ejected material. We evaluate the detectability of the SNe with the next generation of Cherenkov telescopes. We find that, while most extragalactic events may be undetectable, type II-P SNe exploding in our Galaxy or in the Magellanic Clouds should be detected by gamma-ray observatories such as the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array.

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