Debiasing pipeline improves deep learning model generalization for X-ray based lung nodule detection
University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；IBM Australia Limited（IBM澳大利亚有限公司）；University of New England（新英格兰大学）；King Abdulaziz University（阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王大学）；Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia（马来西亚国立大学）；Charles Sturt University（查尔斯特大学）；Westmead Hospital（韦斯特米德医院）；Singapore University of Social Sciences（新加坡社科大学）；Cogninet Australia（Cogninet澳大利亚）；University of Southern Queensland（南昆士兰大学）；Ngee Ann Polytechnic（义安理工学院）；Asia University（亚洲大学）
Michael Horry, Subrata Chakraborty, Biswajeet Pradhan, Manoranjan Paul, Jing Zhu, Hui Wen Loh, Prabal Datta Barua, U. Rajendra Arharya
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and a good prognosis depends on early diagnosis. Unfortunately, screening programs for the early diagnosis of lung cancer are uncommon. This is in-part due to the at-risk groups being located in rural areas far from medical facilities. Reaching these populations would require a scaled approach that combines mobility, low cost, speed, accuracy, and privacy. We can resolve these issues by combining the chest X-ray imaging mode with a federated deep-learning approach, provided that the federated model is trained on homogenous data to ensure that no single data source can adversely bias the model at any point in time. In this study we show that an image pre-processing pipeline that homogenizes and debiases chest X-ray images can improve both internal classification and external generalization, paving the way for a low-cost and accessible deep learning-based clinical system for lung cancer screening. An evolutionary pruning mechanism is used to train a nodule detection deep learning model on the most informative images from a publicly available lung nodule X-ray dataset. Histogram equalization is used to remove systematic differences in image brightness and contrast. Model training is performed using all combinations of lung field segmentation, close cropping, and rib suppression operators. We show that this pre-processing pipeline results in deep learning models that successfully generalize an independent lung nodule dataset using ablation studies to assess the contribution of each operator in this pipeline. In stripping chest X-ray images of known confounding variables by lung field segmentation, along with suppression of signal noise from the bone structure we can train a highly accurate deep learning lung nodule detection algorithm with outstanding generalization accuracy of 89% to nodule samples in unseen data.
Lung nodules can be an alarming precursor to potential lung cancer. Missed nodule detections during chest radiograph analysis remains a common challenge among thoracic radiologists. In this work, we present a multi-task lung nodule detection algorithm for chest radiograph analysis. Unlike past approaches, our algorithm predicts a global-level label indicating nodule presence along with local-level labels predicting nodule locations using a Dual Head Network (DHN). We demonstrate the favorable nodule detection performance that our multi-task formulation yields in comparison to conventional meth…
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute（伦斯勒理工学院）；Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院）；Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）
Although radiographs are the most frequently used worldwide due to their cost-effectiveness and widespread accessibility, the structural superposition along the x-ray paths often renders suspicious or concerning lung nodules difficult to detect. In this study, we apply "X-ray dissectography" to dissect lungs digitally from a few radiographic projections, suppress the interference of irrelevant structures, and improve lung nodule detectability. For this purpose, a collaborative detection network is designed to localize lung nodules in 2D dissected projections and 3D physical space. Our experime…
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）
Accurate lung lesion segmentation from Computed Tomography (CT) images is crucial to the analysis and diagnosis of lung diseases such as COVID-19 and lung cancer. However, the smallness and variety of lung nodules and the lack of high-quality labeling make the accurate lung nodule segmentation difficult. To address these issues, we first introduce a novel segmentation mask named Soft Mask which has richer and more accurate edge details description and better visualization and develop a universal automatic Soft Mask annotation pipeline to deal with different datasets correspondingly. Then, a no…
Jordan University of Science and Technology（约旦科技大学）
Purpose: The lung nodules localization in CT scan images is the most difficult task due to the complexity of the arbitrariness of shape, size, and texture of lung nodules. This is a challenge to be faced when coming to developing different solutions to improve detection systems. the deep learning approach showed promising results by using convolutional neural network (CNN), especially for image recognition and it's one of the most used algorithm in computer vision. Approach: we use (CNN) building blocks based on YOLOv5 (you only look once) to learn the features representations for nodule detec…
University of Turin（都灵大学）；Fondazione Ricerca Molinette Onlus（莫利内特研究基金会（非营利组织））
The accurate and consistent border segmentation plays an important role in the tumor volume estimation and its treatment in the field of Medical Image Segmentation. Globally, Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death and the early detection of lung nodules is essential for the early cancer diagnosis and survival rate of patients. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of Deephealth toolkit including PyECVL and PyEDDL libraries to precisely segment lung nodules. Experiments for lung nodules segmentation has been carried out on UniToChest using PyECVL and PyEDDL, for d…
Universitat Rovira i Virgili（罗维拉-威尔吉利大学）；Robert Gordon University（罗伯特戈登大学）；Aswan University（阿斯旺大学）
Lung cancer is deadly cancer that causes millions of deaths every year around the world. Accurate lung nodule detection and segmentation in computed tomography (CT) images is the most important part of diagnosing lung cancer in the early stage. Most of the existing systems are semi-automated and need to manually select the lung and nodules regions to perform the segmentation task. To address these challenges, we proposed a fully automated end-to-end lung nodule detection and segmentation system based on a deep learning approach. In this paper, we used Optimized Faster R-CNN; a state-of-the-art…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Shanghai Chest Hospital（上海市胸科医院）；Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）
Recent evolution in deep learning has proven its value for CT-based lung nodule classification. Most current techniques are intrinsically black-box systems, suffering from two generalizability issues in clinical practice. First, benign-malignant discrimination is often assessed by human observers without pathologic diagnoses at the nodule level. We termed these data as "unsure data". Second, a classifier does not necessarily acquire reliable nodule features for stable learning and robust prediction with patch-level labels during learning. In this study, we construct a sure dataset with patholo…
Early detection of lung cancer is an effective way to improve the survival rate of patients. It is a critical step to have accurate detection of lung nodules in computed tomography (CT) images for the diagnosis of lung cancer. However, due to the heterogeneity of the lung nodules and the complexity of the surrounding environment, robust nodule detection has been a challenging task. In this study, we propose a two-stage convolutional neural network (TSCNN) architecture for lung nodule detection. The CNN architecture in the first stage is based on the improved UNet segmentation network to establ…
University College London（伦敦大学学院）；MANAS AI（MANAS人工智能公司）；University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust（伦敦大学学院医院国民保健服务基金会信托）；Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust（皇家布朗普顿与哈菲尔德国民保健服务基金会信托）；Imperial College（帝国理工学院）
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Lung cancer screening (LCS) using annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) scanning has been proven to significantly reduce lung cancer mortality by detecting cancerous lung nodules at an earlier stage. Improving risk stratification of malignancy risk in lung nodules can be enhanced using machine/deep learning algorithms. However most existing algorithms: a) have primarily assessed single time-point CT data alone thereby failing to utilize the inherent advantages contained within longitudinal imaging datasets; b) have not …
Candidate generation, the first stage for most computer aided detection (CAD) systems, rapidly scans the entire image data for any possible abnormality locations, while the subsequent stages of the CAD system refine the candidates list to determine the most probable or significant of these candidates. The candidate generator creates a list of the locations and provides a size estimate for each candidate. A multiscale scale-normalized Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) filtering method for detecting pulmonary nodules in whole-lung CT scans, presented in this paper, achieves a high sensitivity for both…
Algotec LTD, a Carestream Co（Algotec有限公司（锐珂公司旗下企业））
Accurate assessment of Lung nodules is a time consuming and error prone ingredient of the radiologist interpretation work. Automating 3D volume detection and segmentation can improve workflow as well as patient care. Previous works have focused either on detecting lung nodules from a full CT scan or on segmenting them from a small ROI. We adapt the state of the art architecture for 2D object detection and segmentation, MaskRCNN, to handle 3D images and employ it to detect and segment lung nodules from CT scans. We report on competitive results for the lung nodule detection on LUNA16 data set. …
National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology（国家空天地海一体化大数据应用技术国家工程实验室）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学计算机科学与工程学院）
Lung nodule malignancy prediction is an essential step in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Besides the difficulties commonly discussed, the challenges of this task also come from the ambiguous labels provided by annotators, since deep learning models may learn, even amplify, the bias embedded in them. In this paper, we propose a multi-view "divide-and-rule" (MV-DAR) model to learn from both reliable and ambiguous annotations for lung nodule malignancy prediction. According to the consistency and reliability of their annotations, we divide nodules into three sets: a consistent and reliable s…
Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；CVTE Research（视源股份研究院）；Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学）；Guangdong University of Technology（广东工业大学）；CVTE（视源股份）
In the management of lung nodules, we are desirable to predict nodule evolution in terms of its diameter variation on Computed Tomography (CT) scans and then provide a follow-up recommendation according to the predicted result of the growing trend of the nodule. In order to improve the performance of growth trend prediction for lung nodules, it is vital to compare the changes of the same nodule in consecutive CT scans. Motivated by this, we screened out 4,666 subjects with more than two consecutive CT scans from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) dataset to organize a temporal dataset ca…
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital（托马斯·杰斐逊大学医院）；Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center（纪念斯隆·凯特琳癌症中心）
Spiculations/lobulations, sharp/curved spikes on the surface of lung nodules, are good predictors of lung cancer malignancy and hence, are routinely assessed and reported by radiologists as part of the standardized Lung-RADS clinical scoring criteria. Given the 3D geometry of the nodule and 2D slice-by-slice assessment by radiologists, manual spiculation/lobulation annotation is a tedious task and thus no public datasets exist to date for probing the importance of these clinically-reported features in the SOTA malignancy prediction algorithms. As part of this paper, we release a large-scale Cl…
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd.（上海联影智能医疗科技有限公司）；ShanghaiTech University（上海科技大学）
Lung nodule detection in chest X-ray (CXR) images is common to early screening of lung cancers. Deep-learning-based Computer-Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) systems can support radiologists for nodule screening in CXR. However, it requires large-scale and diverse medical data with high-quality annotations to train such robust and accurate CADs. To alleviate the limited availability of such datasets, lung nodule synthesis methods are proposed for the sake of data augmentation. Nevertheless, previous methods lack the ability to generate nodules that are realistic with the size attribute desired by the …
CPLOYO: A Pulmonary Nodule Detection Model with Multi-Scale Feature Fusion and Nonlinear Feature Learning
Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University（同济大学医学院附属同济医院）；Shanghai Pulmonology Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University（同济大学医学院附属上海肺科医院）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）
Chongqing University（重庆大学）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
Since radiologists have different training and clinical experiences, they may provide various segmentation annotations for a lung nodule. Conventional studies choose a single annotation as the learning target by default, but they waste valuable information of consensus or disagreements ingrained in the multiple annotations. This paper proposes an Uncertainty-Guided Segmentation Network (UGS-Net), which learns the rich visual features from the regions that may cause segmentation uncertainty and contributes to a better segmentation result. With an Uncertainty-Aware Module, this network can provi…
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；Kennesaw State University（肯尼索州立大学）
An accurate segmentation of lung nodules in computed tomography (CT) images is critical to lung cancer analysis and diagnosis. However, due to the variety of lung nodules and the similarity of visual characteristics between nodules and their surroundings, a robust segmentation of nodules becomes a challenging problem. In this study, we propose the Dual-branch Residual Network (DB-ResNet) which is a data-driven model. Our approach integrates two new schemes to improve the generalization capability of the model: 1) the proposed model can simultaneously capture multi-view and multi-scale features…
Lung nodules are commonly missed in chest radiographs. We propose and evaluate P-AnoGAN, an unsupervised anomaly detection approach for lung nodules in radiographs. P-AnoGAN modifies the fast anomaly detection generative adversarial network (f-AnoGAN) by utilizing a progressive GAN and a convolutional encoder-decoder-encoder pipeline. Model training uses only unlabelled healthy lung patches extracted from the Indiana University Chest X-Ray Collection. External validation and testing are performed using healthy and unhealthy patches extracted from the ChestX-ray14 and Japanese Society for Radio…
In this work we present a method for lung nodules segmentation, their texture classification and subsequent follow-up recommendation from the CT image of lung. Our method consists of neural network model based on popular U-Net architecture family but modified for the joint nodule segmentation and its texture classification tasks and an ensemble-based model for the follow-up recommendation. This solution was evaluated within the LNDb medical imaging challenge and produced the best nodule segmentation result on the final leaderboard.
MESAHA-Net: Multi-Encoders based Self-Adaptive Hard Attention Network with Maximum Intensity Projections for Lung Nodule Segmentation in CT Scan
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University（计算机科学与工程系，首尔国立大学）；Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, HealthHub Co. Ltd.（医学与影像人工智能中心，HealthHub公司）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama（电气与计算机工程系，阿拉巴马大学）；Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad（电气工程系，COMSATS大学伊斯兰堡分校）
University of Applied Sciences - Wiener Neustadt（维也纳新城应用科学大学）；LAAS-CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心 LAAS 实验室）；Univ de Toulouse（图卢兹大学）
Lung cancer accounts for the highest number of cancer deaths globally. Early diagnosis of lung nodules is very important to reduce the mortality rate of patients by improving the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. This work proposes an automated system to classify lung nodules as malignant and benign in CT images. It presents extensive experimental results using a combination of geometric and histogram lung nodule image features and different linear and non-linear discriminant classifiers. The proposed approach is experimentally validated on the LIDC-IDRI public lung cancer screening thor…
The University of Sydney（悉尼大学）；Royal Prince Alfred Hospital（皇家阿尔弗雷德王子医院）
Accurate characterisation of visual attributes such as spiculation, lobulation, and calcification of lung nodules is critical in cancer management. The characterisation of these attributes is often subjective, which may lead to high inter- and intra-observer variability. Furthermore, lung nodules are often heterogeneous in the cross-sectional image slices of a 3D volume. Current state-of-the-art methods that score multiple attributes rely on deep learning-based multi-task learning (MTL) schemes. These methods, however, extract shared visual features across attributes and then examine each attr…
University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学）；Hong Kong Baptist University（香港浸会大学）
Recently, attempts have been made to reduce annotation requirements in feature-based self-explanatory models for lung nodule diagnosis. As a representative, cRedAnno achieves competitive performance with considerably reduced annotation needs by introducing self-supervised contrastive learning to do unsupervised feature extraction. However, it exhibits unstable performance under scarce annotation conditions. To improve the accuracy and robustness of cRedAnno, we propose an annotation exploitation mechanism by conducting semi-supervised active learning with sparse seeding and training quenching …
University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学）；University Medical Center Groningen（格罗宁根大学医学中心）；University of Twente（特文特大学）
Objective: In clinical practice, small lung nodules can be easily overlooked by radiologists. The paper aims to provide an efficient and accurate detection system for small lung nodules while keeping good performance for large nodules. Methods: We propose a multi-planar detection system using convolutional neural networks. The 2-D convolutional neural network model, U-net++, was trained by axial, coronal, and sagittal slices for the candidate detection task. All possible nodule candidates from the three different planes are combined. For false positive reduction, we apply 3-D multi-scale dense…
Purpose: Lung nodule segmentation, i.e., the algorithmic delineation of the lung nodule surface, is a fundamental component of computational nodule analysis pipelines. We propose a new method for segmentation that is a machine learning based extension of current approaches, using labeled image examples to improve its accuracy. Approach: We introduce an extension of the standard level set image segmentation method where the velocity function is learned from data via machine learning regression methods, rather than a priori designed. Instead, the method employs a set of features to learn a veloc…
A Lung Nodule Dataset with Histopathology-based Cancer Type Annotation
School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University of Finance and Economics（山东财经大学计算机科学与技术学院）；School of Information Science and Technology, Linyi University（临沂大学信息科学与技术学院）；Thoracic Surgery Department of Linyi Central Hospital（临沂市中心医院胸外科）；Personnel Department of Linyi Central Hospital（临沂市中心医院人事科）
National Institutes of Health（美国国立卫生研究院）；University of Central Florida（中佛罗里达大学）
Computed tomography imaging is a standard modality for detecting and assessing lung cancer. In order to evaluate the malignancy of lung nodules, clinical practice often involves expert qualitative ratings on several criteria describing a nodule's appearance and shape. Translating these features for computer-aided diagnostics is challenging due to their subjective nature and the difficulties in gaining a complete description. In this paper, we propose a computerized approach to quantitatively evaluate both appearance distinctions and 3D surface variations. Nodule shape was modeled and parameter…
Chest X-ray (CXR) is the most common examination for fast detection of pulmonary abnormalities. Recently, automated algorithms have been developed to classify multiple diseases and abnormalities in CXR scans. However, because of the limited availability of scans containing nodules and the subtle properties of nodules in CXRs, state-of-the-art methods do not perform well on nodule classification. To create additional data for the training process, standard augmentation techniques are applied. However, the variance introduced by these methods are limited as the images are typically modified glob…
The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；Fujifilm Corporation（富士胶片公司）；Jikei University School of Medicine（慈惠会医科大学）；Juntendo University School of Medicine（顺天堂大学医学部）
Accurate Computer-Assisted Diagnosis, relying on large-scale annotated pathological images, can alleviate the risk of overlooking the diagnosis. Unfortunately, in medical imaging, most available datasets are small/fragmented. To tackle this, as a Data Augmentation (DA) method, 3D conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can synthesize desired realistic/diverse 3D images as additional training data. However, no 3D conditional GAN-based DA approach exists for general bounding box-based 3D object detection, while it can locate disease areas with physicians' minimum annotation cost, unli…
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Eindhoven University of Technology（埃因霍温理工大学）；Utrecht Medical Center（乌得勒支医学中心）
Early detection of lung cancer has been proven to decrease mortality significantly. A recent development in computed tomography (CT), spectral CT, can potentially improve diagnostic accuracy, as it yields more information per scan than regular CT. However, the shear workload involved with analyzing a large number of scans drives the need for automated diagnosis methods. Therefore, we propose a detection and classification system for lung nodules in CT scans. Furthermore, we want to observe whether spectral images can increase classifier performance. For the detection of nodules we trained a VG…
Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC)（系统与计算机工程、技术与科学研究所（INESC TEC））；Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP)（波尔图大学工程学院（FEUP））；University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD)（山后-上杜罗大学（UTAD））；Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de S. João（圣若昂大学医院中心）；Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP)（波尔图大学医学院（FMUP））
Lung cancer is the deadliest type of cancer worldwide and late detection is the major factor for the low survival rate of patients. Low dose computed tomography has been suggested as a potential screening tool but manual screening is costly, time-consuming and prone to variability. This has fueled the development of automatic methods for the detection, segmentation and characterisation of pulmonary nodules but its application to clinical routine is challenging. In this study, a new database for the development and testing of pulmonary nodule computer-aided strategies is presented which intends…
Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚技术中心 Eurecat）；Universitat Pompeu Fabra（庞培法布拉大学）；ICREA
The early identification of malignant pulmonary nodules is critical for better lung cancer prognosis and less invasive chemo or radio therapies. Nodule malignancy assessment done by radiologists is extremely useful for planning a preventive intervention but is, unfortunately, a complex, time-consuming and error-prone task. This explains the lack of large datasets containing radiologists malignancy characterization of nodules. In this article, we propose to assess nodule malignancy through 3D convolutional neural networks and to integrate it in an automated end-to-end existing pipeline of lung …
Though large-scale datasets are essential for training deep learning systems, it is expensive to scale up the collection of medical imaging datasets. Synthesizing the objects of interests, such as lung nodules, in medical images based on the distribution of annotated datasets can be helpful for improving the supervised learning tasks, especially when the datasets are limited by size and class balance. In this paper, we propose the class-aware adversarial synthesis framework to synthesize lung nodules in CT images. The framework is built with a coarse-to-fine patch in-painter (generator) and tw…
Application of Computer Deep Learning Model in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Nodules
University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校）；University of Washington（华盛顿大学）；Northern Arizona University（北亚利桑那大学）；Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）；University of California San Diego（加州大学圣迭戈分校）
Data availability plays a critical role for the performance of deep learning systems. This challenge is especially acute within the medical image domain, particularly when pathologies are involved, due to two factors: 1) limited number of cases, and 2) large variations in location, scale, and appearance. In this work, we investigate whether augmenting a dataset with artificially generated lung nodules can improve the robustness of the progressive holistically nested network (P-HNN) model for pathological lung segmentation of CT scans. To achieve this goal, we develop a 3D generative adversaria…
PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a deep learning-based tool to detect and localize lung nodules with chest radiographs(CXRs). We expected it to enhance the efficiency of interpreting CXRs and reduce the possibilities of delayed diagnosis of lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected CXRs from NCKUH database and VBD, an open-source medical image dataset, as our training and validation data. A number of CXRs from the Ministry of Health and Welfare(MOHW) database served as our test data. We built a segmentation model to identify lung areas from CXRs, and sliced them into 16 patches. Phy…
Advanced Medical Data Research Center, College of Computer Science, Nankai University（南开大学计算机学院先进医学数据研究中心）；AnchorDx Medical Co.（AnchorDx医疗公司）
The segmentation module which precisely outlines the nodules is a crucial step in a computer-aided diagnosis(CAD) system. The most challenging part of such a module is how to achieve high accuracy of the segmentation, especially for the juxtapleural, non-solid and small nodules. In this research, we present a coarse-to-fine methodology that greatly improves the thresholding method performance with a novel self-adapting correction algorithm and effectively removes noisy pixels with well-defined knowledge-based principles. Compared with recent strong morphological baselines, our algorithm, by co…
HealthHub Co. Ltd.（HealthHub有限公司）；Seoul National University（首尔国立大学）；University of Southern Queensland（南昆士兰大学）；Kyonggi University（京畿大学）
In this study, we propose a lung nodule detection scheme which fully incorporates the clinic workflow of radiologists. Particularly, we exploit Bi-Directional Maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of various thicknesses (i.e., 3, 5 and 10mm) along with a 3D patch of CT scan, consisting of 10 adjacent slices to feed into self-distillation-based Multi-Encoders Network (MEDS-Net). The proposed architecture first condenses 3D patch input to three channels by using a dense block which consists of dense units which effectively examine the nodule presence from 2D axial slices. This condensed info…
Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad（印度理工学院（印度矿业学院）丹巴德分校）
Early diagnosis and analysis of lung cancer involve a precise and efficient lung nodule segmentation in computed tomography (CT) images. However, the anonymous shapes, visual features, and surroundings of the nodule in the CT image pose a challenging problem to the robust segmentation of the lung nodules. This article proposes U-Det, a resource-efficient model architecture, which is an end to end deep learning approach to solve the task at hand. It incorporates a Bi-FPN (bidirectional feature network) between the encoder and decoder. Furthermore, it uses Mish activation function and class weig…
Lung nodule proposals generation is the primary step of lung nodule detection and has received much attention in recent years . In this paper, we first construct a model of 3-dimension Convolutional Neural Network (3D CNN) to generate lung nodule proposals, which can achieve the state-of-the-art performance. Then, we analyze a series of key problems concerning the training performance and efficiency. Firstly, we train the 3D CNN model with data in different resolutions and find out that models trained by high resolution input data achieve better lung nodule proposals generation performances es…
Parse and Recall: Towards Accurate Lung Nodule Malignancy Prediction like Radiologists
Hupan Lab（湖畔实验室）；DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团达摩院）；The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University（浙江大学医学院附属第一医院）；Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital（广东省人民医院）
We present crowdsourcing as an additional modality to aid radiologists in the diagnosis of lung cancer from clinical chest computed tomography (CT) scans. More specifically, a complete workflow is introduced which can help maximize the sensitivity of lung nodule detection by utilizing the collective intelligence of the crowd. We combine the concept of overlapping thin-slab maximum intensity projections (TS-MIPs) and cine viewing to render short videos that can be outsourced as an annotation task to the crowd. These videos are generated by linearly interpolating overlapping TS-MIPs of CT slices…
Objectives: To compare artificial intelligence (AI) as a second reader in detecting lung nodules on chest X-rays (CXR) versus radiologists of two binational institutions, and to evaluate AI performance when using two different modes: automated versus assisted (additional remote radiologist review). Methods: The CXR public database (n = 247) of the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology with various types and sizes of lung nodules was analyzed. Eight radiologists evaluated the CXR images with regard to the presence of lung nodules and nodule conspicuity. After radiologist review, the AI so…
The City College of New York（纽约城市学院）；UMass CICS（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校信息与计算机科学学院）；Google AI（谷歌人工智能）；Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center（纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心）
Accurate detection of pulmonary nodules with high sensitivity and specificity is essential for automatic lung cancer diagnosis from CT scans. Although many deep learning-based algorithms make great progress for improving the accuracy of nodule detection, the high false positive rate is still a challenging problem which limited the automatic diagnosis in routine clinical practice. In this paper, we propose a novel pulmonary nodule detection framework based on a 3D Feature Pyramid Network (3DFPN) to improve the sensitivity of nodule detection by employing multi-scale features to increase the res…
The Ohio State University（俄亥俄州立大学）；University of Massachusetts Lowell（马萨诸塞大学洛厄尔分校）；Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute（伦斯勒理工学院）
Deep learning, as a promising new area of machine learning, has attracted a rapidly increasing attention in the field of medical imaging. Compared to the conventional machine learning methods, deep learning requires no hand-tuned feature extractor, and has shown a superior performance in many visual object recognition applications. In this study, we develop a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and apply it to thoracic CT images for the classification of lung nodules. We present the CNN architecture and classification accuracy for the original images of lung nodules. In order to understand…
Detecting malignant pulmonary nodules at an early stage can allow medical interventions which may increase the survival rate of lung cancer patients. Using computer vision techniques to detect nodules can improve the sensitivity and the speed of interpreting chest CT for lung cancer screening. Many studies have used CNNs to detect nodule candidates. Though such approaches have been shown to outperform the conventional image processing based methods regarding the detection accuracy, CNNs are also known to be limited to generalize on under-represented samples in the training set and prone to imp…
Monash University Malaysia（马来西亚莫纳什大学）；The University of Oklahoma（俄克拉荷马大学）
Lung cancer classification in screening computed tomography (CT) scans is one of the most crucial tasks for early detection of this disease. Many lives can be saved if we are able to accurately classify malignant/cancerous lung nodules. Consequently, several deep learning based models have been proposed recently to classify lung nodules as malignant or benign. Nevertheless, the large variation in the size and heterogeneous appearance of the nodules makes this task an extremely challenging one. We propose a new Progressive Growing Channel Attentive Non-Local (ProCAN) network for lung nodule cla…
Lung Nodule Segmentation and Uncertain Region Prediction with an Uncertainty-Aware Attention Mechanism
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学苏州高等研究院）；Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University（陆军军医大学第一附属医院）；Chongqing University（重庆大学）
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur（印度理工学院卡拉格普尔分校）；Intel Technology India Pvt. Ltd.（英特尔技术印度私人有限公司）
Lung cancer is the most common form of cancer found worldwide with a high mortality rate. Early detection of pulmonary nodules by screening with a low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan is crucial for its effective clinical management. Nodules which are symptomatic of malignancy occupy about 0.0125 - 0.025\% of volume in a CT scan of a patient. Manual screening of all slices is a tedious task and presents a high risk of human errors. To tackle this problem we propose a computationally efficient two stage framework. In the first stage, a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained adversarially …
