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arXiv 2201.07819quant-ph
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量子力学中的可提取功

Extractable work in quantum electromechanics

Oisin Culhane, Mark T. Mitchison, John Goold

摘要:

最近的实验已经证明了在悬浮的碳纳米管中产生相干机械振荡,其由通过高于一定电压阈值的装置的电流驱动,与激光跃迁非常类似。我们从工作提取的角度研究这种现象,通过将纳米机电设备建模为量子飞轮或电池,将电能转换为存储的机械能。我们引入了一个微观模型,定性地匹配的实验结果,并计算在其非平衡稳态的量子振动模式的维格纳函数。本文用两种方法来定量非平衡态量子热力学中的功沉积:各向同性和非平衡态自由能来确定自持振荡的阈值。我们发现,各向异性作为一个序参量的声子激光跃迁。我们用来描述功提取的框架是通用的,并且可以广泛地转移到其他介观量子器件。

英文摘要:

Recent experiments have demonstrated the generation of coherent mechanical oscillations in a suspended carbon nanotube, which are driven by an electric current through the device above a certain voltage threshold, in close analogy with a lasing transition. We investigate this phenomenon from the perspective of work extraction, by modelling a nano-electromechanical device as a quantum flywheel or battery that converts electrical power into stored mechanical energy. We introduce a microscopic model that qualitatively matches the experimental finding, and compute the Wigner function of the quantum vibrational mode in its non-equilibrium steady-state. We characterise the threshold for self-sustained oscillations using two approaches to quantifying work deposition in non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics: the ergotropy and the non-equilibrium free energy. We find that ergotropy serves as an order parameter for the phonon lasing transition. The framework we employ to describe work extraction is general and widely transferable to other mesoscopic quantum devices.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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