在有限时间内激活热充电量子电池：关联、功和信息之间的热力学权衡
Activating thermally charged quantum batteries in finite time: Thermodynamic trade-offs between correlations, work, and information
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究热充电量子电池无法按需提取能量的问题，提出通过随时间变化的搅拌协议及投影测量激活电池，考虑相关成本得出最大可提取净能量界限，以波导 - QED设置为例表征协议性能。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
热充电量子电池提供了稳定且易于获取的能量资源，但一直处于被动状态，无法通过酉操作按需提取有用能量。我们引入了一种随时间变化的搅拌协议，通过与辅助激活器的时间相关耦合来激活热充电量子电池，从而产生驱动电池进入活跃状态的关联。明确考虑搅拌过程的能量成本、关联生成的熵成本和激活时间，我们得出了最大可提取净能量的界限。对激活器进行投影测量并利用测量获得的信息进一步提高了可提取能量。作为一个与实验相关的例子，我们分析了一个波导 - QED设置，其中一个谐波振荡器电池（波导）由一个两能级系统进行搅拌和监测。我们根据可提取净能量（净能熵）和功率输出对该协议的性能进行了表征。
英文摘要
Thermally charged quantum batteries provide a stable and easy-to-have energy resource, but remain passive and therefore do not allow useful energy extraction on demand via unitary operations. We introduce a time-dependent stirring protocol that activates a thermally charged quantum battery through a time-dependent coupling to an auxiliary activator, thereby generating correlations that drive the battery into an active state. Accounting explicitly for the energetic cost of the stirring process, the entropic cost of correlation generation and the activation time, we derive bounds on the maximal net extractable energy. Incorporating projective measurement on the activator and exploiting the information gained through the measurement further enhances the extractable energy. As an experimentally relevant example, we analyze a waveguide-QED setup where a harmonic-oscillator battery (waveguide) is stirred and monitored by a two-level system. We characterize the performance of the protocol in terms of net extractable energy (net ergotropy) and power output.
