Investigating the architecture and internal structure of the TOI-561 system planets with CHEOPS, HARPS-N and TESS
G. Lacedelli, T. G. Wilson, L. Malavolta, M. J. Hooton, A. Collier Cameron, Y. Alibert, A. Mortier, A. Bonfanti, R. D. Haywood, S. Hoyer, G. Piotto, A. Bekkelie… 展开作者
G. Lacedelli, T. G. Wilson, L. Malavolta, M. J. Hooton, A. Collier Cameron, Y. Alibert, A. Mortier, A. Bonfanti, R. D. Haywood, S. Hoyer, G. Piotto, A. Bekkelien, A. M. Vanderburg, W. Benz, X. Dumusque, A. Deline, M. López-Morales, L. Borsato, K. Rice, L. Fossati, D. W. Latham, A. Brandeker, E. Poretti, S. G. Sousa, A. Sozzetti, S. Salmon, C. J. Burke, V. Van Grootel, M. M. Fausnaugh, V. Adibekyan, C. X. Huang, H. P. Osborn, A. J. Mustill, E. Pallé, V. Bourrier, V. Nascimbeni, R. Alonso, G. Anglada, T. Bárczy, D. Barrado y Navascues, S. C. C. Barros, W. Baumjohann, M. Beck, T. Beck, N. Billot, X. Bonfils, C. Broeg, L. A. Buchhave, J. Cabrera, S. Charnoz, R. Cosentino, Sz. Csizmadia, M. B. Davies, M. Deleuil, L. Delrez, O. Demangeon, B. -O. Demory, D. Ehrenreich, A. Erikson, E. Esparza-Borges, H. -G. Florén, A. Fortier, M. Fridlund, D. Futyan, D. Gandolfi, A. Ghedina, M. Gillon, M. Güdel, P. Gutermann, A. Harutyunyan, K. Heng, K. G. Isaak, J. M. Jenkins, L. Kiss, J. Laskar, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, M. Lendl, C. Lovis, D. Magrin, L. Marafatto, A. F. Martinez Fiorenzano, P. F. L. Maxted, M. Mayor, G. Micela, E. Molinari, F. Murgas, N. Narita, G. Olofsson, R. Ottensamer, I. Pagano, A. Pasetti, M. Pedani, F. A. Pepe, G. Peter, D. F. Phillips, D. Pollacco, D. Queloz, R. Ragazzoni, N. Rando, F. Ratti, H. Rauer, I. Ribas, N. C. Santos, D. Sasselov, G. Scandariato, S. Seager, D. Ségransan, L. M. Serrano, A. E. Simon, A. M. S. Smith, M. Steinberger, M. Steller, Gy. Szabó, N. Thomas, J. D. Twicken, S. Udry, N. Walton, J. N. Winn
备注:
22 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
我们提出了一个精确的表征TOI-561行星系统通过结合以前公布的数据与TESS和CHEOPS测光,和一组新的$62$ HARPS-N径向速度(RV)。我们的联合分析证实了四颗凌日行星的存在,即TOI-561 b($P = 0.45$ d,$R = 1.42$ R $_\oplus$,$M = 2.0$ M $_\oplus$),c($P = 10.78$ d,$R = 2.91$ R $_\oplus$,$M = 5.4$ M $_\oplus$)d($P = 25.7$ d,$R = 2.82$ R $_\oplus$,PDMATHABMMW M $_\oplus$)和e($P = 77$ d,$R = 2.55$ R $_\oplus$,$M = 12.6$ M $_\oplus$)。此外,我们确定了一个额外的,长周期的信号($>450$ d)的RV,这可能是由于外部行星的同伴或恒星的磁场活动。获得的四颗行星的精确质量和半径使我们能够进行内部结构和大气逃逸建模。TOI-561 b被证实是迄今已知的密度最低($ρ_{\rm b} = 3.8 \pm 0.5$ g cm $^{-3}$)的超短周期(USP)行星,宿主恒星的低金属丰度使其与一般的体密度-恒星金属丰度趋势一致。根据我们的内部结构模型,行星b基本上没有气体外壳,它可能拥有一定数量的水。相比之下,TOI-561 c、d和e可能保留了H/He包层,此外可能还有较大的水层。推断出的行星组成表明不同的大气演化路径,行星b和c经历了显著的气体损失,而行星d和e显示出与原始大气一致的大气成分。USP行星的独特性,长周期行星TOI-561 e的存在以及复杂的结构使该系统成为后续研究的吸引力目标。
英文摘要:
We present a precise characterization of the TOI-561 planetary system obtained by combining previously published data with TESS and CHEOPS photometry, and a new set of $62$ HARPS-N radial velocities (RVs). Our joint analysis confirms the presence of four transiting planets, namely TOI-561 b ($P = 0.45$ d, $R = 1.42$ R$_\oplus$, $M = 2.0$ M$_\oplus$), c ($P = 10.78$ d, $R = 2.91$ R$_\oplus$, $M = 5.4$ M$_\oplus$), d ($P = 25.7$ d, $R = 2.82$ R$_\oplus$, $M = 13.2$ M$_\oplus$) and e ($P = 77$ d, $R = 2.55$ R$_\oplus$, $M = 12.6$ M$_\oplus$). Moreover, we identify an additional, long-period signal ($>450$ d) in the RVs, which could be due to either an external planetary companion or to stellar magnetic activity. The precise masses and radii obtained for the four planets allowed us to conduct interior structure and atmospheric escape modelling. TOI-561 b is confirmed to be the lowest density ($ρ_{\rm b} = 3.8 \pm 0.5$ g cm$^{-3}$) ultra-short period (USP) planet known to date, and the low metallicity of the host star makes it consistent with the general bulk density-stellar metallicity trend. According to our interior structure modelling, planet b has basically no gas envelope, and it could host a certain amount of water. In contrast, TOI-561 c, d, and e likely retained an H/He envelope, in addition to a possibly large water layer. The inferred planetary compositions suggest different atmospheric evolutionary paths, with planets b and c having experienced significant gas loss, and planets d and e showing an atmospheric content consistent with the original one. The uniqueness of the USP planet, the presence of the long-period planet TOI-561 e, and the complex architecture make this system an appealing target for follow-up studies.
Searching for Hot Water World Candidates with CHEOPS: Refining the radii and analysing the internal structures and atmospheric lifetimes of TOI-238 b and TOI-1685 b
The GAPS Programme at TNG LXXIV. A reanalysis of the planetary systems TOI-1272 and TOI-1694 with HARPS-N and retraction of the planetary interpretation of TOI-1272 c
University of Rome “Tor Vergata”(罗马托尔维加塔大学);INAF – Turin Astrophysical Observatory(意大利国家天体物理研究所都灵天文台);INAF – Astronomical Observatory of Rome(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);INAF – Astrophysical Observatory of Catania(意大利国家天体物理研究所卡塔尼亚天文台);Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA(天体生物学中心(CSIC-INTA));Fundacion Galileo Galilei(伽利略基金会);INAF – Astronomical Observatory of Trieste(意大利国家天体物理研究所的里雅斯特天文台)
Discovery and characterisation of two exoplanets orbiting the metal-poor, solar-type star TOI-5788 with TESS, CHEOPS, and HARPS-N
University of Birmingham(伯明翰大学);University of Exeter(埃克塞特大学);Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden(莱顿天文台,莱顿大学);Slovak Academy of Sciences(斯洛伐克科学院);ELTE Gothard Astrophysical Observatory(厄特沃什·罗兰大学戈塔德天体物理观测站);University of Bern(伯尔尼大学);European Space Agency (ESA)(欧洲空间局)
HARPS-N Reveals a Well-aligned Orbit for the Highly Eccentric Warm Jupiter TOI-4127 b
The University of New Mexico(新墨西哥大学);Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)(加那利天体物理研究所);Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)(拉帕鲁纳大学);Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute(平顿研究所计算天体物理学中心);University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校);INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino(意大利国家天体物理研究所都灵天文台)
Searching for hot water world candidates with CHEOPS: II. A low-density super-Earth orbiting the K dwarf TOI-2211
European Space Agency (ESA)(欧洲空间局(ESA));University of St Andrews(圣安德鲁斯大学);Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences(奥地利科学院空间研究所);University of Bern(伯尔尼大学);ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);University of Kansas(堪萨斯大学);Observatoire astronomique de l’Université de Genève(日内瓦大学天文台);University of Leiden(莱顿大学);Université de Liège(列日大学)
Confirmation of the hot super-Neptune TOI-672 b with NIRPS and HARPS and Insights into the Neptunian desert around M dwarfs
Univ. Grenoble Alpes(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);McMaster University(麦克马斯特大学);The University of Warwick(华威大学);Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève(日内瓦大学天文学系天文台);Institut Trottier de recherche sur les exoplanètes(特罗蒂埃系外行星研究所)
TOI-7510: A solar-analog system of three transiting giant planets near a Laplace resonance chain
Monash University(莫纳什大学);Univ. Grenoble Alpes(格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);NASA Ames Research Center(美国国家航空航天局艾姆斯研究中心);University of Birmingham(伯明翰大学)
The multi-planet system TOI-5624: Four transiting sub-Neptunes with an outer companion revealed by transit-timing variations
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences(奥地利科学院空间研究所);Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino(都灵大学物理系);Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento(特伦托大学物理系);Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova(帕多瓦大学物理与天文系);Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern(伯尔尼大学太空与宜居性中心);ETH Zurich, Department of Physics(苏黎世联邦理工学院物理系);Institut d’astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie(巴黎天体物理学研究所,CNRS联合研究实验室7095,皮埃尔和玛丽·居里大学)
Exoplanet characterisation in the longest known resonant chain: the K2-138 system seen by HARPS
在多个星系中探测到低质量凌日系外行星,给行星形成和演化过程带来了新的约束,对现有的行星形成理论提出了挑战。然而,开普勒和K2探测到的小行星中只有一小部分有精确的质量测量,这是强制性的,以限制它们的组成。我们的目标是找到围绕相对明亮的恒星K2-138运行的行星。这个系统在动力学上是特别的,因为它呈现了迄今为止已知的最长的行星链,接近3:2共振。我们获得了215个HARPS谱,从中我们推导出K2-138的径向速度变化。通过对K2测光和HARPS径向速度(RV)的联合贝叶斯分析,我们约束了轨道上六颗行星的参数。四颗内行星的质量从b到e分别为3.1、6.3、7.9和13.0 $\mathrm{M}_{\oplus}$,精确度分别为34%、20%、18%和15%。体积密度分别为4.9、2.8、3.2和1.8 g cm $^{-3}$,范围从地球到海王星般的值。对于行星f和g,我们报告上限。最后,我们预测过境时间的变化,从群众派生的订单2至6分钟。鉴于其独特的动力学,K2-138是从太空进行过境时间变化(TTV)测量的理想目标,即将推出的CHEOPS(Characterizing ExOPlanet Satellite)可以研究这个高度密集的系统并比较TTV和RV质量。